The Age of the Chicken: A Legacy Written in Bones
This post reveals how industrial chicken farming is rewriting our planet’s geological record, marking the dawn of the "Gallocene"—an era defined by the mass fossilization of chicken bones.
Image: weanimals.org
In a distant future—long after our civilization has faded—scientists might sift through layers of Earth and make a startling discovery: trillions upon trillions of chicken bones, fossilized in landfills, their altered shapes and unnatural densities forever etched into the planet’s geological record. These bones—remnants of the chickens bred, used, and discarded by the egg and meat industries—will tell a story of human dominance, consumption, and neglect.
Some scholars have already named this era the “Poultryocene” or “Gallocene”—the “Age of the Chicken”. Not because chickens have thrived, but because they’ve been bred in such astronomical numbers that they have literally reshaped Earth’s biosphere. At any given moment, there are over 23 billion chickens on Earth, far surpassing the population of any other land animal.
A Bird We Barely Know
Ironically, while we live in an apparent “Age of the Chicken,” most of us rarely see living chickens at all. In supermarkets, we find sanitized packages of wings and drumsticks. On egg cartons, we see idyllic illustrations of hens roaming free. The reality is drastically different: in the meat industry, chickens have been bred to grow so fast they suffer crippling health problems, and in the egg industry, hens are pushed to ovulate incessantly at great detriment to their health.
Modern “broiler chickens” are engineered to grow three times faster and pack on five times the biomass compared to chickens of the early 20th century. This extreme breeding is all about profit: more white breast meat in less time. Typically, these birds are slaughtered at just five to seven weeks old, whereas a wild fowl might live up to eleven years. Because their hearts and lungs can’t keep pace with such explosive growth, many chickens experience heart failure, respiratory issues, and severe leg pain if allowed to live beyond the typical slaughter age. Even in sanctuaries that rescue them, so-called “broilers” often struggle with chronic health issues and rarely reach old age.
Meanwhile, “layer chickens” have been bred to lay about 500 eggs a year, dwarfing the mere 10 to 15 that their wild ancestors once laid—only in spring. Each ovulation can be fraught with pain or life-threatening complications. Conditions like egg yolk peritonitis (when egg material leaks into the body cavity), cloacal prolapse, and ovarian cancers are tragically common. What nature intended as a cyclical, occasional process has become a daily production line, inevitably ending in chronic pain or premature death.
Fossilized Footprints of Suffering
Limb bones (femur, tibiotarsus, tarsometatarsus) of a modern broiler and a red jungle fowl are shown in proportionate size to each other for comparison. Scale bar 20 mm.
Source: “The broiler chicken as a signal of a human reconfigured biosphere”.
All these trillions of chickens—confined, bred to extremes, and slaughtered—will leave their mark on Earth’s geological record. Their bones, piled in landfills, will serve as a stark signal that something colossal and troubling took place. Future scientists could easily identify a massive surge in chicken fossils dating from the mid-20th century onward, silent witnesses to industrial-scale breeding and hidden cruelty. Unlike dinosaur remains—whose disappearance marked natural catastrophes—these modern chicken fossils would reveal a disaster of our own making: one born of human exploitation. Their bones would testify to how we altered their DNA, cramped them into factory farms, and discarded them in unfathomable numbers.
Despite the overwhelming presence of chickens in our food system, few consider them beyond their role as commodities. We call this the “Age of the Chicken” not because we honor or celebrate these birds, but because in death they overwhelm our culture—stripped, sliced, and served before we ever truly acknowledge their lives.
Chickens are remarkable creatures, however, —curious, intelligent, and socially complex. They forge deep connections, navigate intricate social hierarchies, and revel in pleasures like dust bathing and nesting. They recognize one another’s faces, communicate with genuine empathy, and are devoted mothers who bond with their chicks both before and after hatching. Yet in the industrial egg and meat sectors, these natural behaviors are systematically suppressed. Confined to overcrowded sheds, denied meaningful interactions, and forced into unnatural breeding and egg-laying cycles, chickens are reduced to mere cogs in the relentless machinery of food production. The industry strips them of their inherent dignity, turning vibrant, sentient beings into products with a singular purpose—profit.
If we genuinely live in the “Age of the Chicken,” then we owe it to these creatures to see them as more than commodities. Their lives are defined by intelligence, empathy, and social bonds—not merely by fast-growing muscles or high egg yields. Every purchase of chicken or eggs fuels an industry that prizes volume and profit at the expense of animal well-being.
Choosing Compassion
Every choice we make has consequences. One of the simplest yet most impactful ways to change the fate of chickens is to stop consuming them. This so-called “Poultryocene” doesn’t have to be a story of suffering; it can be a turning point, if we decide to honor life rather than exploit it.
Please leave eggs off your plate.
By choosing compassion, we can rewrite the legacy that future geologists—and future generations—will unearth in Earth’s layers. Let’s make sure that when they find these bones, they also find evidence of a turning tide toward empathy and respect.
Sources & Further Reading
Article Sources:
Bennett, Carys, Richard Thomas, Mark Williams, Jan Zalasiewicz, et al. “The broiler chicken as a signal of a human reconfigured biosphere,” Royal Society Open Science, 12 December 2018.
Narayanan, Yamini. “An Ecofeminist Politics of Chicken Ovulation: A Socio-Capitalist Model of Ability as Farmed Animal Impairment,” Hypatia, vol. 39, 2024.
Further Reading:
The Creation of the Modern Hen: Hen History
The Suffering of the Hens in the Egg Industry: Life of a Hen
How to Replace Eggs: Recipes and Resources
Ready to Go Vegan? Vegan Bootcamp
This post was informed by the valuable input of Chloë Taylor, whose academic expertise and research played a key role in shaping the article.
Why Billions of Male Chicks Are Killed Every Year
Behind closed doors, millions of male chicks are destroyed each year because they can't lay eggs. Few know this hidden cruelty, but it’s the norm across egg farms worldwide.
Image: human.cruelties
From the moment they hatch, billions of male chicks face a heartbreaking fate at the hands of the egg industry—one that most people remain unaware of.
Denied even the most basic rights, these innocent beings symbolize a tragic aspect of food production that demands ethical scrutiny. Despite being one of the most criticized practices, male chick culling remains widespread worldwide. Here are the essential facts everyone should know.
The Numbers Are Staggering
Each year, millions of male chicks are killed in secret, behind the scenes:
260 million in the USA
12.8 million in Canada
330 million in the European Union
12 million in Australia
These staggering numbers reflect the egg industry’s systemic disregard for life, as male chicks are discarded simply because they don’t serve a profit-driven purpose.
How Are Male Chicks Killed?
The methods used to kill male chicks are as shocking as their scale. While some may imagine peaceful euthanasia, the truth is far more brutal. Here’s a look at the methods approved in different regions:
USA: The most common method is maceration, where chicks are dropped into machines with rotating blades that grind them up alive. Other methods include carbon dioxide gassing or freezing embryos before hatching.
Canada: Similar to the US, male chicks in Canada are killed using anesthetic overdose, decapitation, gas inhalation, manual cervical dislocation, or maceration.
European Union: According to EU regulations, male chicks up to 72 hours old are culled using maceration or gassing.
Australia: The Australian egg industry also relies on carbon dioxide gassing and maceration, with industry guidelines stating that chicks must be killed “within a second” using these methods.
Although maceration is described as immediate and with minimal pain, the reality is much darker. Malfunctioning equipment—such as slow rotation of blades or overloading of machines—can result in chicks not being killed instantly. This leads to unimaginable suffering, as chicks may remain conscious, in pain, and distressed during the process.
Why Are They Killed?
If these facts and figures shocked you, you might be wondering: where do all these male chicks come from? After all, the eggs in the supermarket are unfertilized. While this is true, many consumers fail to connect the dots to the hens on egg farms, who also had to hatch from somewhere.
This brings us to a part of the egg industry that is almost never talked about or investigated: breeder farms, or parent flocks. These facilities consist of male and female chickens kept in large barns, closely confined to produce fertilized eggs. The goal is to hatch female chicks that will grow up to lay eggs for consumers. However, by nature, about 50% of these eggs will result in male chicks.
Once these male chicks are hatched, they face a dire fate. Since they cannot lay eggs and are not bred for meat production, they are deemed economically worthless and are culled shortly after birth. This grim reality highlights a troubling dilemma within the egg industry: profit takes precedence over life. The millions of male chicks killed each year are a tragic consequence of a system designed to maximize efficiency and profits, where innocent lives are discarded without a second thought.
Are There Alternatives?
As concerns about animal welfare grow, the industry and welfare initiatives have proposed alternatives like dual-purpose breeds and in-ovo sexing to address the ethical implications of egg production. Dual-purpose breeds aim to produce both eggs and meat, allowing for a more balanced approach to farming. Meanwhile, in-ovo sexing enables producers to identify and discard male fertilized eggs before they hatch.
However, both approaches still lead to the slaughter of these animals. Even if we eliminate the killing of male chicks through these adjustments, and even if all hens were raised in cage-free environments, the suffering would persist. The underlying issues in egg production—such as the manipulation of hens’ bodies for maximum egg production—remain unaddressed.
It’s Time to Reconsider Our Choices
The suffering of the male chick is just one of many horrors in the egg production process. The industry creates an endless cycle of pain, exploitation, and death that traps billions of hens around the world.
Every time we choose to consume eggs, we are endorsing an industry that profits from unimaginable cruelty. But we can change that. Every meal is an opportunity to decide kindness over cruelty, compassion over tradition. By choosing not to consume eggs, you can directly stop supporting the cruelty and suffering caused by the egg industry.
Thankfully, there are many plant-based alternatives to eggs that allow you to enjoy all the foods you love—without contributing to animal suffering. From chickpea flour to aquafaba and flaxseed, leaving eggs off your plate has never been easier.
Sources & Further Reading
Article Sources:
USA
https://animalequality.org/campaign/stop-killing-chicks/
https://www.avma.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/Guidelines-on-Euthanasia-2020.pdf
https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/avma-policies/avma-guidelines-euthanasia-animals
Canada
https://animaljustice.ca/blog/2022-canada-slaughter-statistics
https://www.nfacc.ca/poultry-code-of-practice#appendixB
EU
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2022/739246/EPRS_ATA(2022)739246_EN.pdf
https://guardian.pressreader.com/article/282145000169168
Australia
https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-happens-with-male-chicks-in-the-egg-industry/
https://animalsaustralia.org/our-work/factory-farming/reality-egg-production-chick-shredding/
Further Reading:
Culling Alternatives: In-ovo Sexing
Where do the eggs in the hatcheries come from: Parent Flocks
How to Replace Eggs: Recipes and Resources
Ready to Go Vegan? Vegan Bootcamp
Should Ethical Vegetarians Eat Eggs?
While eggs may seem less harmful than meat, the truth is that they are a key product of an industry that views chickens as commodities, not living beings.
Eggs are often seen as a gray area in vegetarian diets—while meat is typically off the plate, eggs somehow manage to stay.
For many vegetarians, eggs are an easy source of protein and a convenient part of daily meals. But for those who strive to live compassionately, can eating eggs really align with ethical values? The truth is, the egg industry thrives on cruelty and exploitation, no matter the label on the carton. By the end of this post, we’ll explore whether ethical vegetarians should continue eating eggs—and why anyone committed to reducing harm may want to reconsider their choice.
Why Are You Vegetarian?
Many people become vegetarian for moral reasons, driven by a desire to reduce animal suffering. Ethical vegetarians believe that animals should not be killed or exploited for food, recognizing that animals have a right to live free from harm. The decision to avoid meat is rooted in the belief that no sentient being should be treated as a mere resource for human consumption.
However, vegetarianism is also common for other reasons—health, environmental sustainability, or simply personal preference. But whether the choice is moral or not, it’s important to understand how the egg industry fits into this conversation and why even those who became vegetarian for non-moral reasons might want to start thinking about the ethical implications of eggs.
What makes it so Hard to Ditch Eggs?
For many vegetarians, eggs are a dietary staple. They’re convenient, found in countless recipes, and often seen as essential for protein. The idea of baking without eggs or skipping an easy omelet can seem overwhelming. But this struggle is very common—many vegetarians hold onto eggs because they’ve been taught to believe they’re irreplaceable. And socially, eggs are still widely accepted as “harmless,” even in ethical discussions.
There’s also the convenience factor—eggs are easy, quick, and familiar. For someone who’s already made the leap to stop eating meat, giving up eggs can feel like one more challenge. But studies show that overcoming this hurdle is possible, and today’s plant-based alternatives make it easier than ever.
The Dark Reality of Eggs: The Cruelty Behind Every Carton
Here’s the difficult truth: eggs aren’t as innocent as they appear. The industry thrives on killing. Male chicks, unable to lay eggs and therefore seen as useless, are killed by the billions every year—often through brutal methods like being ground up alive or suffocated. This practice happens regardless of whether the eggs are labeled “free-range,” “organic,” or “cage-free”.
Even the hens who do lay eggs live short, miserable lives. They are bred to lay far more eggs than their bodies are naturally capable of, leading to exhaustion, physical breakdown, and suffering. Once their egg production declines, they are sent to slaughter. The label on the carton doesn’t change this—these animals are still viewed as commodities, and when they’re no longer profitable, they are killed. For a deeper dive into the hidden horrors behind egg labels, read more here.
Why Every Vegetarian Should Care
For those who became vegetarian for health or environmental reasons, it’s worth asking—does supporting an industry built on suffering really align with these goals? Eggs are often seen as a “neutral” option, but they’re anything but. The environmental impact of egg production includes resource-intensive farming practices and the pollution caused by industrial-scale facilities. And from a health perspective, eggs are high in cholesterol and saturated fat—both of which can have long-term negative effects on health.
Beyond health and sustainability, there’s a deeper moral question: Do animals deserve to suffer for convenience? Even if moral concerns weren’t part of the initial decision to go vegetarian, the realities of the egg industry provide compelling reasons to reconsider. Compassion, after all, is a value that transcends dietary choices—it’s about recognizing the right of animals to live without exploitation.
Should Ethical Vegetarians Eat Eggs?
The answer is clear: No, ethical vegetarians should not eat eggs. The egg industry, no matter the label, is built on exploitation and death. For anyone who values the right of animals to live free from harm, continuing to eat eggs contradicts those principles. But it’s not just about ethics. Whether for health, environmental reasons, or compassion for living beings, there are countless reasons to leave eggs off the plate.
So, what’s stopping the switch to egg-free? Is it breakfast, baking, or just the idea of giving up a convenient food? Don’t worry—many vegetarians feel the same way. The good news is that it’s easier than ever to find delicious, easy alternatives that make this transition smoother than expected. Whether it's a chickpea scramble or flaxseed for baking, there’s a cruelty-free option for every craving. If you’re looking for inspiration, check out our guide to egg replacements.
Sources & Further Reading
Article Sources:
https://faunalytics.org/why-do-vegetarians-continue-eating-cheese-and-dairy/
https://faunalytics.org/understanding-cognitive-dissonance-in-vegetarians-and-pescatarians/
https://faunalytics.org/differing-empathy-in-vegetarians-vegans-and-omnivores/
Further Reading:
Misleading Welfare Labels: The Cage-free Illusion
Inherent Cruelties of Eggs: Backyard Chickens
How to Replace Eggs: Recipes and Resources
Ready to Go Vegan? Vegan Bootcamp
The Ultimate Vegan Egg Replacement Guide
Starting out with egg-free baking and cooking may feel intimidating, but this guide is designed to empower you to ditch eggs in most recipes and confidently begin your egg-free journey.
Are eggs really necessary? Spoiler alert: they're not!
Whether you're transitioning to a plant-based lifestyle or just looking for healthier, cruelty-free alternatives, vegan egg replacements make it easier than ever to whip up your favorite dishes without compromising on taste or texture.
Eggs play several crucial roles in baking and cooking—from binding ingredients to adding moisture, leavening, and even aerating batters. But with the right knowledge, it’s easy to replicate those functions using vegan ingredients. In this guide, we’ll dive into the science behind eggs in recipes, explore plant-based replacements for each function, and share tips for using them.
Step-by-Step Guide to Egg-Free Cooking
Identify the Role of Eggs: Determine if eggs in the recipe are used for binding, leavening, moisture, or aeration.
Choose the Best Substitute: Use the guide above to match the egg replacement to the egg's function.
Adjust, Test and Tweak: Some substitutes (like applesauce or mashed banana) may add extra moisture. Adjust by slightly reducing the liquid content in your recipe. Vegan baking may require some trial and error, so don’t hesitate to adjust based on your results.
1) Identify the Role of Eggs
Eggs serve several key functions in most recipes, each playing a unique role in creating the textures and structures we expect in baked goods and cooked dishes. Understanding how eggs work is the first step in finding the right vegan substitute.
Binding: Eggs act as a glue that holds ingredients together. This is crucial in recipes like cookies, pancakes, veggie burgers, and plant-based meatloaf, where ingredients would otherwise crumble or fall apart. Replacing the binding properties of eggs ensures that your baked goods and savory dishes maintain their structure.
Leavening: Eggs help trap air and create lift, giving baked goods their rise. In recipes like cakes, muffins, and soufflés, eggs create a light and fluffy texture. Without proper leavening, baked goods can end up dense or flat. Choosing the right egg substitute for leavening will keep your treats soft and airy.
Moisture: Eggs contribute moisture to batters and doughs, adding richness and softness to cakes, brownies, and cookies. When eggs are replaced, it’s essential to use alternatives that provide similar moisture, so your baked goods don’t turn out dry or crumbly.
Emulsifying: Eggs act as natural emulsifiers, allowing fats and liquids to combine smoothly. This is particularly important in recipes like mayonnaise, custards, and creamy desserts, where a smooth, even texture is key. Using vegan substitutes that replicate this emulsifying effect will help you achieve the right consistency.
Aeration: Whipped egg whites are often used to incorporate air into mixtures, contributing to volume and lightness in recipes like meringues, soufflés, and macarons. The ability to trap air is critical for creating those delicate, airy textures. Vegan substitutes can mimic this function, allowing you to achieve the same light and fluffy results.
2) Choose the Best Substitute
| Egg Function in these baked goods |
Binding | Leavening | Moisture | Aeration | Emulsifying |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cookies | X | X | |||
| Cakes | X | X | X | ||
| Muffins | X | X | X | ||
| Brownies | X | X | |||
| Pancakes | X | ||||
| Quick Breads | X | X | X | ||
| Pies | X | ||||
| Savory Dishes | X | ||||
| Meringues | X | ||||
| Macarons | X | ||||
| Soufflés | X |
Binding (Holding Ingredients Together)
Flaxseed Meal (Flax Egg): 1 tbsp ground flaxseed + 2.5 tbsp water. Let sit for 10 minutes to thicken. Great for cookies, muffins, and veggie burgers.
Chia Seeds (Chia Egg): 1 tbsp ground chia seeds + 2.5 tbsp water. Similar to flax eggs, but forms a more gel-like consistency. Great for cookies and pancakes.
Applesauce: 1/4 cup unsweetened applesauce. Provides binding and moisture, but can add density. Best in muffins, pancakes, and cookies.
Mashed Banana: 1/4 cup mashed ripe banana. Adds sweetness and works as a binder, ideal for pancakes and quick breads.
Aquafaba (Chickpea Brine): 3 tbsp lightly whipped for 1 egg. Works well in cookies, brownies, and cakes.
Nut Butters: 2 tbsp peanut, almond, or cashew butter. Binds ingredients in dense baked goods like brownies, pancakes, and cookies.
Tomato Paste: 2 tbsp (ideal for savory recipes like plant-based meatloaf and burgers).
Arrowroot Powder: 2 tbsp + 3 tbsp water. Great for thickening sauces and adding smoothness to batters.
Potato Starch: 2 tbsp (works well in savory dishes like burgers and meatloaf).
Leavening (Helping Baked Goods Rise)
Baking Soda + Vinegar: 1 tbsp vinegar (apple cider or white) + 1 tsp baking soda. Perfect for cakes and muffins.
Carbonated Water: 1/4 cup. Adds bubbles and lightness, great for cakes and muffins.
Non-Dairy Yogurt (Unsweetened): 1/4 cup + 1/2 tsp baking powder. Helps with leavening and moisture in cakes.
Diet Soda: 1/2 cup, great for cakes (especially when you're in a hurry).
Moisture (Adding Richness and Softness)
Silken Tofu: 1/4 cup puréed. Provides moisture and creaminess in dense baked goods like brownies, pies, and cheesecakes.
Pumpkin or Sweet Potato Purée: 1/4 cup. Adds moisture and slight sweetness, ideal for breads, muffins, and brownies.
Avocado: 1/4 cup mashed. Adds richness and moisture, best in dense baked goods.
Vegetable Oils (Olive, Coconut, Canola): 1/4 cup. Works well in cakes and quick breads to add moisture.
Mashed Potatoes (White or Sweet): 2 tbsp mashed. Good for savory dishes like meatloaf.
Aeration (Providing Volume and Fluffiness)
Aquafaba (Whipped): 3 tbsp whipped to stiff peaks with cream of tartar. Ideal for meringues, macarons, and soufflés.
Carbonated Water: 1/4 cup. Traps air bubbles for a light, fluffy texture in cakes and muffins.
Agar-Agar: 1 tbsp agar-agar + 4 tbsp boiling water. Great for meringue.
Emulsifying (Combining Fats and Water)
Silken Tofu: 1/4 cup puréed. Acts as a great emulsifier in creamy desserts like pies and cheesecakes.
Non-Dairy Yogurt: 1/4 cup. Helps combine fat and water in batters, especially for cakes.
Cornstarch or Arrowroot Powder: 1 tbsp starch + 2 tbsp water, works to bind and emulsify in sauces and custards.
3) Test, Adjust and Tweak
Starting out with egg-free baking and cooking may feel intimidating, but this guide is designed to empower you to ditch eggs in most recipes and confidently begin your egg-free journey. It’s important to remember that every recipe might need slight adjustments depending on the ingredients and replacements you use—so don’t be afraid to experiment!
For example, if your batter seems too thick, try adding a bit more liquid or your chosen egg replacement. If it’s too runny, reduce the liquids or increase the binding agents. Vegan baking often requires a bit of flexibility, but once you get the hang of it, you’ll be amazed at how easy and satisfying it can be.
Feeling unsure? No problem! There are plenty of tried-and-tested vegan recipes to guide you through the process. Whether you're baking a decadent cake, flipping pancakes, or whipping up a hearty breakfast, our collection of recipes has you covered on our blog, or check out this collection of drooling recipes.
Vegan egg replacements have come a long way in recent years, and many options are now readily available on supermarket shelves. For an extensive list of the best vegan egg substitutes you can find in North America, check out our detailed guide.
Swapping out eggs in your recipes doesn’t mean sacrificing taste or texture. Whether you’re looking to go fully plant-based or just want to try something new, these egg replacements will help you make delicious meals while staying compassionate.
The Problem with Backyard Chickens
Backyard chicken keeping, while seemingly a kinder alternative to commercial egg production, often replicates the same ethical and practical issues on a smaller scale.
AI-generated Image
Backyard chicken keeping, even with the best intentions, often replicates the exploitation and ethical issues found in the commercial egg industry.
With egg prices soaring and increased animal welfare awareness, many turn to raising their own chickens for a steady supply of eggs. However well-intentioned these choices might seem, they often overlook the moral and practical implications of caring for animals. This blog post explores how small-scale chicken keeping can mirror the cruel realities of large commercial egg farms.
The Rise of Backyard Chicken Keeping
Backyard chicken keeping, a trend fueled by growing interest in sustainability and self-sufficiency, saw a significant boost during the pandemic. COVID-19 stay-at-home orders provided the time and motivation for many to set up “COVID coops.” According to the American Pet Products Association, an estimated 12 million people in the U.S. now keep backyard chickens.
Several factors have driven this trend. The sharp increase in egg prices and heightened concerns about food security have led many to seek a self-sufficient solution by raising their own chickens. Additionally, growing awareness of the inhumane conditions in factory farms has prompted a desire to pursue more ethical and health-conscious alternatives.
Chickens are perceived as a manageable choice for those looking to keep typically farmed animals. They require relatively little land and, once their basic needs for food and shelter are met, are considered low-maintenance. Furthermore, recent legal changes have facilitated the rise in backyard chicken ownership. For instance, Baltimore County recently updated its regulations to permit homeowners to keep up to four hens on a 10,000-square-foot lot, with allowances for additional birds based on property size.
The appeal of keeping chickens extends beyond merely obtaining fresh eggs. Chickens are intelligent and sociable, capable of forming strong bonds with their human caretakers, thus offering companionship and educational opportunities.
Despite the advantages, the idealized perception of backyard chickens often neglects significant ethical and practical challenges. As we delve deeper into these issues, it becomes clear that raising chickens for eggs, whether on a small scale or in a commercial setting, involves complex considerations that merit closer examination.
Image: WeAnimals Media
Replicating Industry Cruelties on a Smaller Scale
The charm of a backyard flock—complete with green grass, cozy nest boxes, and loving care—seems like a humane alternative to commercial egg production. Yet, despite its appealing facade, backyard chicken keeping often mirrors the same cruelties found in large-scale egg farming.
Focus on Egg Production Over Hen Welfare
Both commercial farms and backyard setups prioritize egg production, typically at the expense of the hens' health. Hens bred for high egg output face severe health issues such as osteoporosis and egg binding. Backyard keepers, aiming for a steady egg supply, will simply perpetuate these health concerns, further subjugating the well-being of their hens.The Rooster Dilemma
Backyard chicken keepers typically prefer hens due to their egg-laying abilities, which frequently results in the neglect or abandonment of roosters. Roosters are sometimes killed or abandoned if they accidentally end up in a flock. Additionally, purchasing chickens from commercial hatcheries supports the practice of mass male chick culling, as many hatcheries dispose of male chicks shortly after hatching.Economic Considerations Over Animal Lives
The economic calculus of maintaining backyard chickens can starkly reflect industry practices. When hens cease to lay eggs or fall ill, the cost of their upkeep versus the benefits of their egg production comes under scrutiny. Without access to proper veterinary care, many backyard chickens suffer from untreated health issues. Conditions like egg binding, exacerbated by excessive egg production, often go unaddressed. Rather than valuing the lives of these animals, some keepers may decide to cut their losses, echoing the industry's disregard for hens once they are no longer profitable.Premature Deaths
The culmination of these factors frequently leads to premature deaths among backyard chickens. Much like their commercial counterparts, these birds face early and avoidable deaths due to a combination of health issues, lack of proper care, and economic decisions. The tragic irony is that, despite the seemingly idyllic setting, the end result can be eerily similar to the outcomes seen in large-scale egg production.
Image: WeAnimals Media
The Ethics of Egg Production
Despite claims from some chicken keepers that their hens live pampered lives, this view often overlooks deeper ethical issues. Our relationship with animals should not be based on their ability to produce for us. Expecting animals to “earn their keep” through their output diminishes their intrinsic worth and dignity. This section explores the moral implications of using chickens for their eggs, highlighting the consequences of viewing hens as mere production units, crucial for understanding the broader implications of our relationship with animals.
Reducing Hens to Production Units:
When hens are kept primarily for their eggs, their worth is often seen through the lens of their egg production capabilities. This reductionist view can obscure their full range of needs and experiences. For instance, a backyard keeper might focus on maximizing egg yield rather than addressing the hens' natural behaviors or emotional well-being. This approach perpetuates the notion that hens are valuable only for the eggs they produce.The Exploitation of Reproductive Processes:
Hens bred for high egg production face physical and psychological strain. Even if a hen is kept in a caring environment, she is still a product of selective breeding that compels her to lay far more eggs than her natural cycle would dictate. This exploitation of her reproductive system continues regardless of her living conditions. The ethical concern is that, by consuming these eggs, we are benefiting from a system that forces hens into unnatural and often harmful reproductive practices.The Illusion of “Humane” Egg Production:
The perception that backyard eggs are more ethical can mask deeper ethical issues. For example, even well-intentioned backyard keepers might not fully address the complexities of hens' needs, such as their social interactions and natural behaviors. This illusion of “humane” egg production reinforces a false sense of ethical consumption, potentially leading people to underestimate the broader implications of using hens for eggs.Ethical Paradox of Egg Consumption:
The very act of eating eggs—regardless of their source—raises a moral dilemma. If hens are kept specifically for egg production, their well-being is tied to their ability to lay eggs. This creates a paradox: enjoying eggs involves benefiting from a system that inherently exploits hens. Even with the best intentions, consuming eggs from any source supports a practice rooted in exploitation.
Image: WeAnimals Media
Conclusion
We commend the genuine care many people show for their feathered friends. Yet, the ethical dilemmas of keeping chickens for eggs reveal that using animals for personal gain, even with the best intentions, undermines their intrinsic worth and dignity.
To truly honor their well-being, the most ethical approach is to move away from using hens as egg producers and value them for who they are. Let’s champion a world where animals are appreciated for their intrinsic worth, free from the demands of production and exploitation.
All About Roosters
All chickens on egg farms are hens? Billions of them worldwide. All chicks that hatch from fertilized eggs are 50% female and 50% male. But where are all the roosters?
Did you know that all chickens on egg farms are female?
Billions of them worldwide. All chicks that hatch from fertilized eggs are 50% female and 50% male. But where are all the roosters? And why do homesteaders fear accidentally buying male chicks?
Why Are Millions of Male Chicks Culled Annually?
Roosters hold significant cultural symbolism. In many cultures, including France, where the rooster is a national emblem, these birds symbolize courage, vigilance, and resilience. Yet, every year, millions of male chicks are deemed useless to the egg industry and are culled shortly after hatching. This widespread and disturbing practice occurs in large-scale mechanized facilities, where chicks are swiftly sorted by sex upon emerging from their shells. Because male chicks cannot lay eggs and are considered economically worthless, they are subjected to inhumane methods such as gassing or grinding alive.
The sheer scale of this practice is staggering. In the US alone, approximately 300 million male chicks are culled annually. This cruel practice is not isolated to any one country, but is a global phenomenon driven exclusively by the economics of egg production. Here, efficiency and profit outweigh any respect for life or ethical considerations.
An Excess of Roosters?
Nature equips every species with balance and purpose. So, did nature make a mistake by creating too many roosters? The truth is, human intervention in selective breeding and egg production has distorted this balance, leading to the mass slaughter of male chicks. It's not nature's flaw but a consequence of our manipulation and exploitation of animals for profit.
In their natural environment, roosters play crucial roles within chicken flocks. They are not just reproductive tools but leaders who protect their hens from predators, teach their chicks important survival skills, and maintain order within the flock. Roosters have distinct personalities and social hierarchies, where each bird contributes uniquely to the group's dynamics.
Furthermore, roosters are essential to the broader ecosystem. Their crowing serves as a natural alarm clock for both the flock and surrounding wildlife, helping maintain a balanced ecological niche. However, industrial egg production reduces roosters to disposable entities, disregarding their intrinsic value and undermining their vital ecological contributions.
Are Roosters Truly Misunderstood?
Roosters face a multitude of challenges. Apart from the systematic culling of male chicks in the egg industry, they confront additional hardships stemming from cultural misconceptions and legal restrictions. Often unfairly characterized as inherently aggressive, these birds frequently become victims of cockfighting, —a brutal practice where they are forced into lethal battles for human entertainment and gambling. This barbaric tradition perpetuates harmful stereotypes and contributes to widespread bans on rooster ownership in urban and suburban areas, further isolating these misunderstood creatures.
One dire consequence of these misconceptions is the implementation of legal restrictions that prevent homesteaders from keeping roosters. Many urban and suburban locales enforce strict bans or regulations due to concerns over noise, perceived aggression, or local ordinances. This, combined with a lack of interest and understanding of the true nature and essential role of roosters within chicken communities, poses significant challenges. When homesteaders primarily focus on hens for egg production rather than nurturing whole chicken families, they often fail to accommodate the social dynamics and needs of roosters. This oversight frequently leads homesteaders to resort to drastic measures such as rooster slaughter or abandonment, perpetuating the cycle of misunderstanding and exploitation.
Where Do Abandoned Roosters Find Refuge?
Some abandoned backyard roosters are fortunate to find refuge in sanctuaries dedicated to their rescue and rehabilitation. These sanctuaries provide a safe haven where roosters receive essential care, including medical attention, nutritious food, and companionship. Volunteers and sanctuary workers recount numerous heart-wrenching tales of abandonment and survival.
At Danzig Roost, for instance, volunteers regularly field desperate calls from homesteaders facing unexpected challenges with their roosters. Typically, these are from families who purchased chicks expecting hens, only to discover some of these are roosters they cannot keep later on. “These calls are all too familiar,” laments one volunteer. “It takes immense patience to listen without frustration… Reluctant to harm these birds, cherished by their children, they seek a compassionate solution.”
Melanie Moonstone from Rooster Redemption shares a similar experience: “When someone gets an ‘oops’ rooster, they just can’t get rid of them fast enough.” This sentiment underscores a broader issue within the backyard chicken farming trend. Hatcheries legally mail millions of baby chicks across the country, often with a minimum purchase requirement. With a sexing accuracy rate of 75 to 90%, a significant number of unwanted roosters are inevitably produced.
These “oops” roosters face grim fates: they are typically killed and eaten, dumped on the streets, or left to die from neglect or predation. Rooster Redemption, like many other sanctuaries, has shifted its focus from simply rescuing roosters to educating the public about the consequences of purchasing chicks.
Rooster Redemption isn't the only sanctuary trying to change the image of roosters. At The Browns' Microsanctuary, a rooster named Steve has become a social media star and a beloved ambassador for his species. His story is one of resilience and redemption, as he wins hearts online, educating about rooster behavior and dispelling myths. His and other rescue roosters’ gentle nature and affectionate interactions highlight roosters' inherent compassion and intelligence, a stark contrast to their portrayal in exploitative industries.
Sanctuaries like the Rooster Sanctuary at ‘Danzig Roost’, ‘The Browns' Microsanctuary’, and ‘Rooster Redemption’ stand as beacons of hope, rescuing roosters and providing them with a safe haven. And they all hold the same vision close to their hearts: a world where roosters thrive in natural settings, among their peers, valued for their distinct personalities, and honored for their rightful place in the world.
What Can I Do?
Recognizing the link between egg consumption and the fate of male chicks is crucial in understanding the ethical implications of our food choices. By advocating for roosters and reconsidering our consumption habits, we can contribute to a more compassionate future where these birds are respected for their innate qualities. Embracing a plant-based, egg-free diet aligns with values of kindness and compassion toward all living beings.
In-Ovo Sexing
'Revolutionary' technologies like in-ovo sexing are hailed as solutions to ethical concerns in the egg industry. But the elimination of male chick culling does little to address the inherent ethical dilemmas of egg production.
AI-generated image based on sexing technology
Step into the egg industry's latest buzz: In-ovo sexing.
While sensationalized as “The cutting-edge technology trying to save millions of male chicks from being gassed” and “A Simple New Technique Could Make Your Eggs More Humane” by major media outlets, the truth is more complex. Eliminating male chick culling doesn't make the egg industry and egg consumption humane or ethical.
In the egg industry, when male chicks hatch, they're often discarded because they can't lay eggs. This practice is called male chick culling. This widespread practice has long raised ethical questions about the treatment of animals within industrial farming.
Enter in-ovo sexing, a technological invention hailed as a solution to this ethical dilemma. By allowing farmers to determine the sex of developing embryos within eggs, in-ovo sexing ostensibly offers a way to avoid the mass culling of hatched male chicks. However, as we delve deeper into this topic, it becomes apparent that while this may address one aspect of the industry's ethical concerns, it fails to respond to the broader issues inherent in egg production.
This post will explore the technologies utilized in in-ovo sexing, its adoption and adaptation in various regions, the economic incentives driving its implementation, and the ethical dilemmas surrounding its use. We'll delve into why in-ovo sexing does not resolve the fundamental ethical dilemma of exploiting and killing animals for eggs, and highlight the ongoing suffering of hens in the egg industry.
The Egg Production Process
The egg production process is a cycle of systematic exploitation and suffering for chickens, starting from the parent flocks and ending at the slaughterhouse. Each stage in this process is designed to maximize efficiency and profit, often at the expense of the animals' well-being.
The Egg Production Process — From Breeder Farm to Slaughterhouse
From Parent Flocks to Hatcheries
Parent flocks, the starting point of the egg production process, consist of hens and roosters bred specifically to produce fertile eggs. These birds endure stressful conditions, often kept in confined spaces with minimal freedom. Once the eggs are laid, they are incubated for approximately 21 days until they hatch. The hatchlings are then sent to the sexing room, where they are sorted based on gender. Male chicks, deemed economically useless for egg production, are shredded alive or suffocated shortly after hatching.
Image: Otwarte Klatki
This brutal practice has drawn significant ethical scrutiny, prompting the industry to seek technological solutions. One such advancement is in-ovo sexing, which attempts to address the immediate cruelty of culling male chicks by determining their sex before they hatch.
Understanding In-Ovo Sexing
Hailed as a pivotal advancement in the poultry industry, in-ovo sexing empowers farmers to determine the sex of developing embryos within eggs, allowing the removal of male eggs before they hatch.
Technologies Used for In-Ovo Sexing
CHEGGY - Automated sex determination
Two primary methods have emerged for in-ovo sexing, both already in commercial use. Imaging technologies such as MRI or hyperspectral imaging allow for non-invasive sex determination by peering through the eggshell. Alternatively, fluid samples from eggs can undergo analysis using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) or mass spectrometry to detect sex chromosomes or hormones. These diverse techniques share the common goal of distinguishing between male and female embryos, thereby preventing the need to cull male chicks after they hatch.
Though this has been promoted as a solution to the most publicized cruelty in the egg industry, the adoption and investment in such expensive technologies are driven primarily by profit.
Financial and Efficiency Incentives
In-ovo sexing provides substantial economic benefits to the egg industry. By automating the chick sexing process, this technology reduces the need for labor-intensive manual methods, minimizing associated labor costs. It streamlines production processes, increases throughput, and optimizes resource utilization by eliminating the need to hatch and cull male chicks. This results in significant cost savings on feed and incubator space.
A research paper example indicates that while there is no profit in dead male chicks, culled eggs can be repurposed, creating potential revenue streams from the sale of these eggs for alternative purposes, such as animal feed or biogas production. Additionally, eggs from in-ovo sexed hens command a modest premium of 1-3 euro cents per egg in European markets, further enhancing the economic appeal of this technology.
Adoption and Adaptation*
In Europe, over 15 percent of layer hens, approximately 56.4 million, have undergone in-ovo sexing processes. Initially driven by regulatory mandates in countries like Germany, France, and Italy, its adoption has expanded to nations without such mandates, including Norway, Spain, Belgium, and the Netherlands. Recent developments in the United States signal an impending integration of in-ovo sexing technology into the American egg industry by 2025, led by companies like Egg Innovations.
Lingering Issues — The Egg Production Continued
While in-ovo sexing eliminates the need to cull male chicks, it does not address the broader ethical issues associated with egg production and farming. To understand the full extent of cruelty in the egg industry, we need to look at the entire egg production process.
Rearing and Exploitation of Female Chicks
The female chicks undergo de-beaking and vaccinations before being moved to rearing facilities where they remain until they reach egg-laying maturity. De-beaking, a painful procedure performed without anesthesia, is intended to prevent the hens from injuring each other in their cramped living conditions. Once mature, these hens are transferred to laying facilities where they spend their lives in confinement, often in battery cages that restrict their movement and cause immense physical and psychological stress.
The Life of Egg-Laying Hens
Hens in the egg production industry are subjected to relentless exploitation. Genetically modified to lay an unnatural number of eggs, they suffer from various health issues, including ovarian cancer, osteoporosis and reproductive problems. The industry's practice of “forced molting”—inducing hens to lay more eggs through starvation and manipulation of lighting conditions—further adds to their suffering. Even in free-range systems, hens endure overcrowding and inadequate living conditions, which lead to ongoing physical and emotional trauma.
Image: Oikeutta eläimille “Enriched cage hen house, Southwest Finland”
The End of the Cycle: Slaughter
After approximately 18 months, when their egg production declines, hens are deemed “spent” and are removed from the cages. They are crammed into transport crates and taken to slaughterhouses. The slaughter process is brutal, often involving live shackling, stunning, and throat-slitting. This final act of cruelty ends a life characterized by relentless suffering and exploitation.
Although the elimination of male chick culling might seem like a positive change, it merely scratches the surface of a much deeper ethical quagmire within the egg industry. To truly address the moral issues, we must look beyond technological fixes and confront the broader system of exploitation and suffering.
Ethical Concerns with In-Ovo Sexing
In-ovo sexing, a technology designed to identify the sex of embryos before they hatch, addresses the immediate cruelty of culling male chicks. However, it does not resolve the fundamental ethical issues inherent in the egg industry. This technology still involves the manipulation and destruction of embryos, treating animals as mere commodities. The primary ethical issues with in-ovo sexing lie in its perpetuation of the larger system of exploitation and cruelty.
While in-ovo sexing eliminates the visible cruelty of killing live male chicks, it fails to recognize the intrinsic value of animal lives. The destruction of male embryos, although less visibly cruel, still represents a disregard for the lives of these animals. By focusing on a technological fix, the industry avoids addressing the deeper ethical problems of using animals for human purposes.
Image: Otwarte Klatki “Laying cage farms (2019)”
Conclusion
While advancements like in-ovo sexing attempt to address some ethical concerns in the egg industry, sensationalized headlines such as “The cutting-edge technology trying to save millions of male chicks from being gassed” and “A Simple New Technique Could Make Your Eggs More Humane” by major media outlets like The New York Times and Fast Company are misleading. Eliminating male chick culling doesn't make the egg industry and the consumption of eggs humane or ethical.
Technological advancements like in-ovo sexing address only the surface-level cruelties, leaving the core issue of animal exploitation untouched. True progress lies in moving away from using animals for food altogether.
Recognizing the immorality of killing baby chicks should also lead us to recognize the immorality of exploiting and killing millions of hens. Every stage of egg production inflicts suffering and denies chickens a life of dignity and freedom. By choosing not to consume eggs, you take a stand against the systemic cruelty and exploitation in the egg industry. Your choices can help create a kinder world for animals, one where they are not viewed as commodities but as beings deserving of respect and compassion.
Please leave eggs off your plate.
Scrambling for Solutions: Ethical Choices for Easter Eggs
Easter, a time of joy and renewal, masks the harsh reality of hens suffering in the egg industry, facing confinement and exploitation. Behind the colorful Easter eggs lies a story of confinement, deprivation, and exploitation for these birds, offering no hope of renewal or rebirth.
Modified image depicting a hen in a battery cage, sourced from an Andrew Skowron photograph.
Easter embodies hope and new beginnings; except, that is, for the billions of lives whose exploitation is the basis of an increasingly popular and thoroughly unsustainable seasonal celebration.
For many, painting, hiding, and finding eggs are family traditions soaked in childhood memories, a celebration of life's triumphs and the promise of brighter days ahead. Innocent and fashionable activities popularized by international media. However, beneath the surface of painted eggs and joyful hunts lies the harsh reality of layer hens' suffering. There is no renewal or rebirth for them. Rather, and as we have shown time and again, their existence under the egg industry is one of perpetual confinement, pain, and premature death; a life of unimaginable hardships deprived of basic freedoms, and subjected to relentless exploitation.
The Story Behind Egg Coloring and Its Ethical Implications
The practice of coloring and decorating eggs has a rich and diverse history that spans centuries and cultures. It is believed to have originated from ancient pagan rituals celebrating the arrival of spring and the resurgence of life in nature. Eggs, as symbols of fertility and transformation, were often adorned with vibrant colors and intricate designs, marking the transition from winter's dormancy to spring's vibrancy.
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Easter, as a religious celebration rooted in Christianity, further contributed to the tradition of egg coloring and decorating. During Lent, practicing followers of the belief abstained from certain foods, including eggs. This practice resulted in a surplus of eggs accumulating by Easter, providing the practical basis for the tradition of decorating eggs as a symbol of new life and hope during Easter celebrations. However, it's important to note that the abundance of eggs during this time is not a natural occurrence but rather a consequence of human intervention. The continuous laying of eggs by chickens, unlike most other birds, is a result of selective breeding and genetic manipulation, representing a cruel tinkering with their bodies and reproductive systems.
As the tradition progressed, eggs became intertwined with Christian beliefs, symbolizing the resurrection of Christ and the promise of new life. This tradition evolved into a cherished custom, passed down through generations. Eventually, Easter egg hunts transcended religious and cultural boundaries, becoming a beloved universal activity. However, this popularity coincided with the industrialization of egg production, leading to increased suffering for hens in factory-like operations. Without this industrialization, the tradition could not have reached its current global scale.
Navigating Welfare Challenges during Peak Seasons
The decoration of and with eggs during Easter has indeed become a global phenomenon, marking the second-busiest time for egg sales following the winter holidays. However, this year, the industry faces compounded challenges due to the widespread bird flu outbreak, resulting in the loss of over 13.64 million hens, used for table eggs, in the United States since November.
But it's not just the holiday demand and the smaller stock sizes that have farmers struggling to supply enough eggs; recent welfare updates in states like California, Colorado, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, Oregon, Rhode Island, Utah, and Washington have added to their challenges. Despite consumers noticing the surge in retail prices due to heightened demand, they frequently fail to recognize the escalated suffering experienced by hens, irrespective of the barn setting. Many express their frustration publicly, seeking cheaper alternatives, despite their previous voting support for 'better hen welfare' initiatives just a few months ago.
This inconsistency in supporting policies with words rather than actions is also evident internationally. For instance, a significant loophole has recently come to light regarding Germany’s ban on male chick killing. Although celebrated as a major win, there is no prohibition on the import of eggs, or egg products, from countries that still allow the killing of male chicks. This includes pre-dyed Easter eggs that flood the market during festive periods. Furthermore, while the ban addresses the high number of dead male chicks, the female hens are still subject to exploitation and early death. The poultry industry's alert about eggs sourced from farms where chick culling persists highlights how consumers, who were the main driver for the culling ban, often compromise their ethical values when confronted with higher prices and limited supply.
While changes in the current food system are essential, particularly regarding animal wellbeing, the difficulties of balancing the demands of various interested parties–from stakeholders and farmers to consumers and animal welfare organizations–raises a key question: why is the emphasis solely on transitioning to cage-free systems rather than exploring egg-free alternatives or reducing egg consumption?
In a previous blog post, we argue that if we are looking at alternatives for animal eggs in our cooking and baking, we find that there are plenty of economical and healthier options available, even for traditional Easter crafts. Considering this, let's delve into exploring eco-friendly egg-free options for Easter celebrations.
Discovering Ethical Alternatives for Easter Celebrations
This Easter, let's hop into a world of creativity and compassion by exploring egg-free options for coloring and crafting. Whether you're crafting with kids or enjoying some solo artistic time, there are plenty of sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to traditional egg dyeing.
Sustainable Coloring Options:
Plant-Based Dyes
Utilize the vibrant colors found in fruits and vegetables like beets, spinach, turmeric, and blueberries to create beautiful and natural dyes.Natural Food Coloring
Opt for organic and plant-based food coloring options available in stores for a convenient yet eco-friendly choice.DIY Eco-Dyes
Get crafty with homemade dyes using ingredients like tea, coffee, onion skins, and paprika for unique and earthy hues.
Vegan Egg Alternatives:
Wooden Eggs
Reusable and biodegradable, wooden eggs are a durable and eco-friendly option for egg crafting.Ceramic Eggs
Long-lasting and recyclable, ceramic eggs offer a sustainable alternative to traditional eggs.DIY Paper Mache Eggs
Create your own eco-friendly eggs using recycled paper and non-toxic glue for a fun and sustainable crafting experience.Plastic-Free Plastic Eggs
Look for plastic-free plastic eggs made from biodegradable materials for a less harmful option.Plastic Eggs
If using plastic eggs, opt for those made from recycled materials and commit to reusing them in future Easter celebrations.
Craft Compassionately:
Reuse and Recycle
Instead of buying new crafting materials, repurpose items from around the house like old fabric scraps, cardboard, or paper to reduce waste.Go Digital
Explore virtual Easter egg decorating apps or online platforms for eco-friendly and waste-free crafting fun.Spread Kindness
Incorporate acts of kindness into your Easter celebrations, such as making DIY gifts for loved ones or donating to local animal sanctuaries in honor of the holiday.
Easter, with its rich tapestry of tradition and symbolism, invites us to reflect not only on the joys of renewal and celebration but also on the ethical considerations that accompany our festive traditions. The vibrant history of egg coloring reminds us of the interconnectedness of our choices and the impact they have on the world.
In the midst of fluctuating food prices and economic uncertainty, it's more important than ever to approach our diets with mindfulness and intention. By opting for egg-free alternatives, we reduce our ecological footprint and extend our compassion to the animals who share our planet.
As we gather with loved ones to celebrate Easter and the arrival of spring, may our plates be filled with nourishing food that honors the earth and all its inhabitants.
Best wishes for a holiday season filled with joy, love, and kindness, both on our plates and in our hearts, not just during the holidays but every day beyond.
Juliane Priesemeister, Executive Director
Juliane worked almost a decade for an international corporation as an information designer. Generating compelling visual stories was her daily deed, but as much as she enjoyed the creative work the big corporation environment left her hungry for substance and impact.
When she started her yoga journey a few years ago the “do no harm” philosophy pushed her to align work with her personal ethics and values. Today she uses her omnibus skill set, including marketing communications, economics, and graphic design, to reveal the truth about the egg industry to consumers.
The Cage-Free Illusion: Part 1
Unravel the paradox of the cage-free movement: while hailed as progress, it inadvertently perpetuates systemic issues within the egg industry. Delve into the hidden realities shaping our food system and challenge the status quo with us.
Source: WeAnimals Media
Imagine it is the year 2124!
And, in a world liberated from the shadows of industrial animal agriculture, a young scholar traverses history, probing the slow evolution toward a vegan world. Amidst the enigma of humanity's transition, the scholar encounters the perplexing saga of the cage-free campaign—a purportedly noble initiative tainted by misguided optimism. Activists, employing the foot-in-the-door strategy, aimed for incremental shifts toward cruelty-free futures. Yet, the scholar's exploration unveils a stark reality: the industry cunningly exploited this approach, weaponizing it to evade accountability and perpetuate their cruel practices unimpeded.
As we transition from the idyllic realms of our vegan future back to the present, we confront the harsh realities of today's egg industry. Cage-free systems, heralded as a step towards humane egg production, present themselves as an alternative to traditional battery cages. However, beneath the veneer of progress lies a landscape of exploitation and compromise.
Cage-free: A Definition
Cage-free housing systems in egg production aim to create open environments within barns or buildings, allowing hens to engage in natural behaviors such as perching, nesting, and dust bathing. Unlike conventional cage systems, which confine hens to small wire enclosures, cage-free setups eliminate individual cages to provide freedom of movement.
The primary difference between cage-free and cage systems is the absence of closed wire enclosures. In cage-free systems, hens have the liberty to move around and interact with their environment, promoting their physical and psychological well-being. Unlike free-range and pasture systems that offer outdoor access, cage-free environments typically house hens indoors within spacious barns or buildings, offering protection from predators and adverse weather conditions.
Cage-free: The History
The transition to cage-free egg farms began to gain momentum in the late 20th century, with early initiatives taking root in countries such as Switzerland and the Netherlands during the 1980s and 1990s. These pioneering efforts laid the groundwork for subsequent developments in cage-free egg production, serving as test cases for alternative housing systems aimed at improving the welfare of laying hens. As consumer awareness of animal welfare issues grew and regulatory scrutiny intensified, other countries soon followed suit, with significant advancements in cage-free farming observed across Europe, North America, and Oceania by the early 21st century.
Throughout the 2000s and 2010s, a wave of legislative reforms and corporate commitments further accelerated the transition to cage-free egg production worldwide. Countries such as Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom implemented regulations mandating the phase-out of conventional battery cages in favor of enriched and cage-free systems, signaling a paradigm shift in the global egg industry. Similarly, major retailers and food corporations began to adopt cage-free egg sourcing policies in response to consumer demand for more ethically produced eggs, driving further investment and innovation in cage-free infrastructure.
By the 2020s, cage-free egg farms had become more prevalent across the globe, with an increasing share of the supply chains in countries such as the United States, Canada, the European Union, Australia, and New Zealand. Despite initial resistance from the egg industry, the momentum towards cage-free production continued to grow, fueled by a combination of consumer activism, regulatory mandates, and corporate commitments to animal welfare.
This map shows the dominant housing systems on commercial egg farms around the world (click on map to enlarge and zoom in). Source: welfareproject.org
As we peer into the landscape of cage-free egg production across different regions, it's essential to understand the nuanced approaches and regulatory frameworks shaping these systems. By examining the specifics of cage-free farming in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, the European Union, and Australia, we can gain deeper insights into the diverse practices and trends driving the evolution of egg production worldwide.
Cage-free: In Comparison
In the USA, Canada, the UK, the EU, and Australia, cage-free systems typically offer more space per hen compared to conventional cage systems, with average space allocations ranging from 550 to 750 square centimeters per hen. Flock sizes in cage-free systems vary widely, often accommodating tens of thousands of hens in large barns or buildings. The size of cage-free barns also varies, with some facilities spanning over 100 meters in length and 25 meters in width to accommodate the large number of hens housed within them. The transition to cage-free housing varies among producers and is influenced by factors such as market demand, regulatory requirements, and industry initiatives.
| Countries | USA | Canada | UK | EU | Australia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Hens in Barn (Range, Average) | 1,000 - 100,000 (average varies) | 1,000 - 80,000 (average varies) | 1,000 - 80,000 (average varies) | 1,000 - 100,000 (average varies) | 1,000 - 80,000 (average varies) |
| Space per Hen | 1.0 - 1.5 sqm (10.8 - 16.1 sqft) |
1.0 - 1.5 sqm (10.8 - 16.1 sqft) |
1.0 - 1.5 sqm (10.8 - 16.1 sqft) |
0.75 sqm ( 8.1 sqft) |
0.55 sqm (5.9 sqft) |
| Depopulation Age | 80 - 100 weeks | 70 - 100 weeks | 72 weeks | 72 weeks | 80 weeks |
| Number of Eggs per Hen | 250 - 320 eggs/year | 250 - 320 eggs/year | 250 - 320 eggs/year | 250 - 320 eggs/year | 250 - 320 eggs/year |
| Cage-Free vs Caged | 39% cage-free, 61% caged |
17% cage-free, 83% caged |
79% cage-free, 21% caged |
55% cage-free, 45% caged |
57% cage-free, 43% caged |
| Cage-free by | 2025 | 2036 | 2027 | 2027 | 2036 |
Cage-free: The Hens
Hens, like many creatures, have natural behaviors and preferences that contribute to their well-being. They enjoy basking in the sunlight, scratching the earth for food, and seeking out safe, secluded spots for nesting. In small flock sizes, they establish pecking orders and maintain social structures.
However, the reality for hens in cage-free barns starkly contrasts with their natural inclinations. Instead of sun-drenched pastures and earthy substrates, they find themselves confined within crowded, windowless buildings. Opportunities for natural behaviors like dust bathing and foraging are limited, with thousands of hens competing for space and resources. Nesting areas may lack privacy, disrupting the hens' instinctual need for seclusion during egg-laying.
Despite claims that cage-free systems offer a more humane alternative to traditional battery cages, a closer examination reveals significant shortcomings.
By comparing key factors such as hatchery practices, flock sizes, laying illnesses, and early slaughter rates, we can gain a comprehensive understanding of the true impact of egg production on animal well-being.
| Battery Cages | Enriched Cages | Cage-Free | Free-Range | Pasture Raised | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatchery Sourced (Male Chick Culling) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Bred for Overproduction | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Laying Illnesses | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Early Slaughter | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Hatchery Sourced (Male Chicks Culling): In the egg industry, hatcheries are responsible for supplying laying hens. However, the process of hatchery sourcing involves separating male and female chicks shortly after hatching. Male chicks, deemed economically nonviable for egg production, are typically culled, often through methods like maceration or gassing. While cage-free systems do not directly address the issue of hatchery sourcing, they perpetuate the demand for hatchery-supplied hens, contributing to the inherent cruelty of chick culling practices.
Bred for Overproduction: Selective breeding within the egg industry aims to maximize egg production efficiency, typically at the expense of hen well-being. Hens in cage-free systems are bred for traits such as high egg production rates and feed efficiency, leading to overproduction and strain on their bodies. While cage-free environments may offer slightly more space and freedom of movement compared to traditional cages, the underlying issue of over breeding persists, exacerbating health problems and reducing overall welfare.
Laying Illnesses: Cage-free housing systems, despite providing hens with minimally more space and some environmental enrichment, do not eliminate the risk of laying-related health issues. High egg production rates can lead to reproductive disorders such as egg binding and prolapse, as well as metabolic disorders like osteoporosis. Additionally, the crowded conditions in cage-free barns may increase the spread of diseases and parasites among hens, further compromising their well-being.
Early Slaughter: While cage-free systems may offer a slightly longer lifespan for hens compared to battery cages, the ultimate fate of laying hens remains the same—early slaughter. Hens in cage-free environments are typically slaughtered after one to two years of egg production, far short of their natural lifespan. Despite claims of improved welfare, cage-free systems perpetuate the cycle of premature slaughter inherent in the egg industry, underscoring the ethical concerns associated with egg production as a whole.
As we conclude our exploration of cage-free egg production, it's evident that the industry's narrative of ethical progress is far from straightforward. Despite the promise of marginal improvements in hen welfare, cage-free systems fail to address fundamental issues ingrained in egg production. From unresolved hatchery practices to premature slaughter, the realities of cage-free farming underscore the pressing need for a comprehensive reassessment of our treatment of animals within our food systems.
Before wrapping up, it's essential to highlight the shortcomings of corporate commitments and the accountability of animal rights organizations. Despite promises of reform, many corporations have failed to deliver on their pledges, while some animal rights groups have struggled to hold the egg industry accountable in certain regions for falling short on commitments.
Moreover, the proliferation of cage-free campaigns championed by welfare organizations worldwide has ignited significant debate within vegan and animal rights circles. Join us as we examine the motivations behind these campaigns, their impact on consumer perceptions, and whether they genuinely serve the interests of animal welfare or inadvertently perpetuate the status quo of animal exploitation in Part 2.
Juliane Priesemeister, Executive Director
Juliane worked almost a decade for an international corporation as an information designer. Generating compelling visual stories was her daily deed, but as much as she enjoyed the creative work the big corporation environment left her hungry for substance and impact.
When she started her yoga journey a few years ago the “do no harm” philosophy pushed her to align work with her personal ethics and values. Today she uses her omnibus skill set, including marketing communications, economics, and graphic design, to reveal the truth about the egg industry to consumers.
How to Love All Animals
Veganism is about shattering that carnist lens and seeing the individuals behind our meals and removing them from our plates one by one. It’s about discovering that we can thrive on plant-based foods alone. It’s about learning that the future of our food system isn't factory farming or genetic manipulation, but rather love, compassion, and the abundant variety of plant-based proteins.
Image: WeAnimals Media
Do you believe animals, much like us, should live free from needless suffering? Does the thought of causing harm to them trouble your conscience? If you find yourself nodding in agreement, you're not alone. There's a vast community of compassionate individuals who, despite their diverse dietary choices, share a common bond—empathy for animals.
The way we perceive animals is undergoing a significant shift. Despite many of us labeling ourselves as animal lovers, the legal view of animals has often reduced them to mere property rather than feeling beings. However, something intriguing is stirring. Recent studies are illustrating a remarkable change – around 47% of the British population today acknowledges that animals deserve the same rights as humans to escape suffering. Another 71% firmly believe causing animals pain is wrong.
These numbers aren't just figures; they signify a profound transformation. It’s as if science and law are catching up to what our innate feelings have always told us – creatures such as dogs, chickens, octopuses, and even lobsters are akin to us; they possess thoughts and emotions. This awakening may very well be global. Nowadays, when the media reports on human-inflicted cruelties and crises in relation to animals, like a lost companion animal or an escaped animal from a zoo (or perhaps an egg farm), it's as though a collective cry of outrage bursts from our hearts.
But what about the animals commonly found on our plates: cows, pigs, and chickens? Do they, too, deserve lives free of pain and suffering? Often, the distinction between which animals we cherish and which we consume is vividly illustrated in a popular meme:
Original Source: unknown
To understand the morality behind the public’s perception of some animals as friends while others are thought of as food, let’s focus on what psychologists call 'carnism'—the invisible belief system influencing us to eat certain animals while sparing others.
‘Carnism’ acts as a buffer, veiling the realities of our choices, enabling us to relish a Sunday roast while overlooking the animal's suffering that brought it to our plate. This conundrum finds its roots in the complexities of the animal food industry, where money, intricate supply chains, and neatly packaged products act as a shield. This disconnect between us and the source of our food allows us to act in ways that might seem unethical in other contexts. Yet, even the deep pockets of the animal food industry can’t fully blind our hearts from some suffering in their products.
For instance, while many enjoy scrambled eggs for breakfast or crack some eggs to bake some treats without a second thought, the concept of male chick culling often evokes a sense of moral unease. This practice is an inherent part of the egg industry, where male chicks are shredded or killed shortly after hatching, as they are considered of no use to the egg-laying process.
Images: human.cruelties
So, let's focus on this gap, this crack in the carnist food lens to truly see these chicks as vulnerable babies that yearn for life. To us, this realization speaks of a wider reality, namely, that the majority of people are vegan at heart.
Often, the very mention of the “v” word is enough to send people running for the hills with their cheese and omelettes in hand, including self-professed animal lovers who would otherwise agree that animals deserve to be free from pain and suffering. In truth, we can hardly blame them. The image of vegans in the media paints us as extremist, judgmental, even confrontational. However, the reality of veganism is quite different. It's not about passing moral judgments or extremism. Instead, it's a reminder that, deep down, most of us are uncomfortable with the idea of animals suffering needlessly, like the culling of male chicks in the egg industry.
That is what veganism is about. It’s about shattering that carnist lens and seeing the individuals behind our meals and removing them from our plates one by one. It’s about discovering that we can thrive on plant-based foods alone. It’s about learning that the future of our food system isn't factory farming or genetic manipulation, but rather love, compassion, and the abundant variety of plant-based proteins.
As we conclude, we invite everyone to celebrate World Vegan Month and take part in the journey toward a more compassionate lifestyle. Embrace this opportunity to explore and discover the diverse world of plant-based foods.
For those curious or interested in learning more, we encourage participation in the Vegan Bootcamp.
Alex Ventimilla, Advisor
Alex is a third-year PhD student in the Department of English and Film Studies at the University of Alberta.
Passionate about ecology, he firmly believes in the impact of storytelling on shaping our perspectives. He believes that the narratives we engage with through reading, watching, and listening play a crucial role in defining our connections with both human and non-human beings.
Dead Ones - Exposing the Truth for True Transformation
With the EU's unified trade area, consumers find it challenging to track the origins of the eggs they purchase, especially when used as ingredients. In May and June 2023, two undercover activists documented the grim reality of hens kept on a farm operated by the largest egg producer in Poland and the entire European Union – Fermy Drobiu Woźniak.
In the realm of animal welfare standards, the European Union (EU) has earned a reputation as a global leader. Yet, this reputation doesn't uniformly extend to the conditions of laying hens across EU member states. Within the EU's integrated trade zone, consumers encounter a formidable challenge – deciphering the origins of the eggs they buy, particularly when utilized as ingredients.
As consumers within the European Union grapple with the challenge of tracing the origins of the eggs they purchase, a chilling exposé has emerged. In May and June 2023, two dedicated undercover activists, Oksana and Sasha, embarked on a harrowing journey into the heart of the continent's largest egg producer – Fermy Drobiu Woźniak, nestled in Wioska, Poland. Their six-week odyssey within the sprawling facility, which boasted 'enriched cages' as a supposed improvement over battery cages, bore witness to unimaginable suffering. Their account sheds light on the stark realities of egg production—here is what they found:
“‘Enriched cages’ were introduced as an alternative to battery cages. But for hens, this transition has been far from liberating. They continue to suffer in cramped and unnatural environments.”
Stress, aggression, cannibalism, cramped cages, unbearable heat, and swarms of fleas – these were the daily horrors revealed by the investigation.
Cramped Cages
The cages on the farm were incredibly cramped, with hens barely having room to move. Hens had to squeeze through crowded spaces, making it impossible for them to spread their wings. The lack of space was agonizing for these birds.Cannibalism and Feather Pecking
Stress from overcrowding led to aggression among the hens. They fought for space and access to the nest, resulting in feather pecking and even cannibalism. Weaker hens were often pecked to death by their fellow birds.Painful Deformities
The mesh floor of the cages caused severe foot deformities in many hens. Their toes bent painfully in the opposite direction, causing excruciating pain. No help was provided, and they were left to suffer alone.Slow and Inhumane Deaths
Injuries from the metal perches were common, and hens trapped there were left to die slowly from hunger and thirst. There was no procedure to help injured or sick hens, and everyday veterinary care was nonexistent. Defective cages proved deadly for many.
Just a few of the many snapshots taken by Oksana and Sasha during their undercover investigation. Source: Otwarte Klatki
Fermy Drobiu Woźniak, being the largest egg producer in Poland and the EU, raises questions about the conditions for hens across the industry. Across the European Union, there are, in fact, significant disparities in laying hen welfare. While some countries have made strides in transitioning to more humane systems, others lag. For instance, while Germany keeps the majority of their hens in cage-free systems (>60%), the neighboring countries of Poland, The Czech Republic, and Slovakia still keep over 70% of laying hens in cages.
This map shows the dominant housing systems on commercial egg farms around the world (click on map to enlarge and zoom in). Source: welfareproject.org
A hen escaped the cages and stands in front of a pile of crushed eggs. Source: Otwarte Klatki
In our pursuit of ethical and humane eggs, the global landscape of egg production, as revealed in the linked map, sheds light on the challenges consumers face. This desire for better conditions for hens often remains unfulfilled, as demonstrated by the Polish undercover investigation. This investigation serves as a stark reminder that the transition from battery cages to ‘enriched cages’ may not always deliver the expected improvements for hens.
As consumers, we supported this transition with the hope of more ethical eggs, but it's crucial to consider whether we may have been inadvertently misled. We've explored the grim realities of these housing systems in prior posts, accessible here and here, offering an opportunity for us to reflect on our choices and demand genuine humane treatment for hens.
It's worth recognizing that the fight for improved conditions must go beyond the superficial shift from cages to 'cage-free.' It's an invitation to be more discerning when navigating the options on supermarket shelves. We understand that this can be challenging. It's a journey fraught with difficult decisions, and we've all been conditioned to believe in the status quo.
But let's take a moment to imagine this from the hen's perspective – a life filled with cramped spaces, aggression, and suffering. We believe that deep down, all of us share a common desire for a more compassionate world, not just for ourselves but for all living beings. The path to a cruelty-free life for hens, as well as a more compassionate world for all animals, begins on our plates. By embracing egg-free diets and supporting alternatives that respect the well-being of hens, we can take a significant step toward honoring their plea for a life free from suffering.
Please leave eggs off your plate.
Otwarte Klatki’s goal is to prevent animal suffering by introducing systemic social changes, documenting the conditions of industrial farming and education promoting positive attitudes towards animals.
Their latest investigation into Fermy Drobiu Woźniak can we found here (viewers discretion advised).
Juliane Priesemeister, Executive Director
Juliane worked almost a decade for an international corporation as an information designer. Generating compelling visual stories was her daily deed, but as much as she enjoyed the creative work the big corporation environment left her hungry for substance and impact.
When she started her yoga journey a few years ago the “do no harm” philosophy pushed her to align work with her personal ethics and values. Today she uses her omnibus skill set, including marketing communications, economics, and graphic design, to reveal the truth about the egg industry to consumers.
Peeling Back the Layers of the Egg Industry: Egg-Truth Team on 'The Vegan Report'
Egg-truth.com is the initiative revealing what goes on behind the scenes of the egg industry. Beyond the marketing lies of the poultry business hides a harsh reality of merciless exploitation. Join Nigel, Julie, and Ryan in discussing the fate of chickens, the largest standing population of a single bird species in Earth's history.
The Egg-Truth Team is on ‘The Vegan Report’ podcast, where we expose the truths about the egg industry. Beyond the glossy façade of the poultry business, we're unmasking the harsh truths that lie beneath the surface.
But this is no ordinary podcast. It's a unique opportunity to meet us—Nigel and Julie—face-to-face on camera. We're sharing our personal vegan journeys and the driving force behind our mission.
Join us as we further discuss the origin of Egg-Truth and the unwavering motivation that propels us to amplify the voices of hens trapped within the egg industry. From dismantling misleading marketing narratives to peering into the lives of the largest population of a single bird species in Earth's history, this episode is a deep dive into our food system.
Together with Ryan, we aim to uncover the truth and empower listeners to make more compassionate choices—ultimately encouraging them to leave eggs off their plate.
Listen to “The Brutal Truth Behind the Egg Industry” on Every Podcast and uncover the realities that drive us to make a difference.
The Vegan Report offers you a window into the global fight for animal welfare. If you are an animal lover, subscribe now! Don't miss out on educational, fascinating, and inspiring conversations for a more compassionate and just world.
Episodes are posted every Tuesday. The Vegan Report is also on YouTube (@veganreportpodcast) and Instagram (@veganreportpodcast).
Juliane Priesemeister, Executive Director
Juliane worked almost a decade for an international corporation as an information designer. Generating compelling visual stories was her daily deed, but as much as she enjoyed the creative work the big corporation environment left her hungry for substance and impact.
When she started her yoga journey a few years ago the “do no harm” philosophy pushed her to align work with her personal ethics and values. Today she uses her omnibus skill set, including marketing communications, economics, and graphic design, to reveal the truth about the egg industry to consumers.
The Motherhood We Ignore: The Exploitation of Mother Hens in the Egg Industry
The blog post discusses the cruel treatment of female parent flocks in the egg industry, who are often subjected to inhumane conditions and never get to experience motherhood, despite the maternal instincts of hens.
Mother's Day is a time to celebrate the love, compassion, and sacrifice of mothers everywhere. A time to reflect on the role that they play in shaping our society and building a better future for all of us. We must remember, however, that not all mothers are treated with the love and respect they deserve.
According to United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization the vast majority of farmed animals, are female, and they are often subjected to unspeakable cruelty in the name of food. This includes cows used for dairy, pigs used for breeding, and of course, the layer hens used for their eggs. But it's not just the layer hens that suffer in the egg industry—it's also their mothers.
Egg industry hens are all descended from chickens in a 'parent flock' on a breeder farm. These eggs are produced solely for the purpose of producing fertilized eggs, which are sent to hatcheries. (Note: When urban farmers buy chicks, or fertilized eggs to hatch in homemade incubators, both the chicks and the eggs come from these tormented parent birds.)
"The young parent birds are confined in giant warehouses where they are bred relentlessly for the duration of their short lives. Unable to escape the shed or defend themselves against the roosters, the hens are overmounted, causing crushing injuries, broken bones, severe feather loss, painfully raw vents and distended bellies.
None of these hens will ever get to see any of her babies. Every single one of the 90 billion eggs produced annually in the US originates from a hen who has been denied the freedom to raise her young. Each year, at the end of their first laying cycle, the hens who survive the ordeal of forced insemination, are discarded and replaced with younger 'breeding stock'." (Source)
Inside a breeder farm. Watch the full video here.
The cruelties of the egg industry are not talked about in public beyond battery cages and cage-free campaigns, let alone the breeder farms, or hatcheries. Animal Liberation Victoria's Openrescue team was one of the few that went on an undercover investigation to report on the abuse and neglect of the chickens in a hatchery near Melbourne. They reported:
"We found each shed filled with exhausted, debeaked and debilitated hens suffering severe feather loss mixed together with young virile roosters.
There were no cages, all the birds were tightly packed together on metal flooring.
[...] they kill the older male birds at around 50 weeks of age and replace them with young roosters to further boost the economic productivity of the already exhausted hens."
Clip from an Australian-first investigation on a Specialised Breeders Australia (SBA) Hatchery near Bendigo, Victoria, one of the country's largest egg-layer hatcheries. (by Animal Liberation)
In Canada, the Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Hatching Eggs, Breeders, Chickens and Turkeys sets standards for the care and handling of parent flocks. However, these standards fall far short of what any compassionate person would consider acceptable. For example, it also allows for the routine mutilation of birds' beaks, which can cause lifelong pain and suffering.
In the United States, the USDA's National Poultry Improvement Plan sets standards for the care and handling of parent flocks. However, these standards are voluntary and not enforceable by law. As a result, many parent flocks in the US are kept in appalling conditions, with birds suffering from diseases, injuries, and neglect.
Hens, like many other animals, have strong maternal instincts and are natural caregivers who will go to great lengths to protect and care for their offspring. However, in the egg industry, these instincts are ignored, and many female hens never get the chance to experience motherhood. This treatment of hens is not only cruel, but also perpetuates a cycle of exploitation and suffering in the egg industry. By consuming eggs from such systems, we contribute to a scheme that prioritizes profit over compassion and puts these sentient beings at risk.
But there are alternatives. By choosing plant-based options, we can help break this cycle of cruelty and support a more compassionate and just food system. As we celebrate Mother's Day, let's remember that all mothers deserve love, compassion, and respect—whether they are human or non-human animals. Let's work towards a future where all mothers, and all beings, can live free from harm and suffering.
Juliane Priesemeister, Executive Director
Juliane worked almost a decade for an international corporation as an information designer. Generating compelling visual stories was her daily deed, but as much as she enjoyed the creative work the big corporation environment left her hungry for substance and impact.
When she started her yoga journey a few years ago the “do no harm” philosophy pushed her to align work with her personal ethics and values. Today she uses her omnibus skill set, including marketing communications, economics, and graphic design, to reveal the truth about the egg industry to consumers.
What Egg Shortage?
Given the shortage of eggs, high prices and news reports about bird flu, are you feeling frustrated after your last supermarket run?
Image: plantbasednews.org
Given the shortage of eggs, high prices and news reports about bird flu, are you feeling frustrated after your last supermarket run?
Maybe you are thinking of raising backyard chickens as an alternative? Let's consider some plant-based alternatives first.
It makes sense to switch to healthy and cruelty-free options. This allows you to avoid the myriad of issues with backyard eggs and the welfare issues associated with commercial eggs. Many folks have been using plant-based alternatives for years, from aquafaba, flax, and chia seeds in baking to scrambled tofu and plant-based eggs for more traditional egg-centric meals.
It's important to consider what you're trying to achieve with your eggs. Once you've determined that, there are a variety of options:
![how-to-substitute-eggs-in-keto-cooking-[1].jpg](https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57cf3049ebbd1a6e5b9f3a74/1677289340363-E2DDCAIJZ8DZP7MRJWEX/how-to-substitute-eggs-in-keto-cooking-%5B1%5D.jpg)
The first are the most budget-friendly options that you probably already have in your cupboard. Aquafaba is the liquid from a can of chickpeas that can be whipped into a foam that resembles egg whites. Flax and chia seeds can also be used as egg substitutes by mixing them with water to form a gel-like consistency. Silken tofu can be blended into a smooth mixture and used in recipes that call for eggs. Lastly, mashed bananas or applesauce can also be used as egg substitutes in recipes that require a binding agent.
For those who want a baking option, established brands like ‘PaneRiso Egg Replacer’, ‘Ener-G Egg Replacer’, or ‘Bob's Red Mill Egg Replacer’ are perfect. These products are not only cruelty-free, but are highly versatile, and can be used in a variety of recipes, from cakes and cookies to savory dishes like quiches and omelettes.
For the demanding chef, or cooks in a hurry who need a truly authentic egg substitute, products like Just Eggs, Simply Eggless, VeganEgg, or Scramblit are a perfect fit. They are ideal for creating a very realistic and satisfying egg-like experience. To replicate the light and airy texture of egg whites, Oggs and Yumgo are great! Their texture and consistency can help achieve fluffy meringues or other recipes calling for airy fillings.
Finally, under “I can't believe these are plant-based” eggs, soy-free, and gluten-free Wonderegg has been praised for its ability to mimic the taste and texture of real eggs so closely that many people can't tell the difference.
Yo-Egg, is a plant-based egg yolk replacement that mimics the taste and texture of real egg yolks, making it perfect for dishes like hollandaise sauce or aioli.
All of these products are part of a rapidly expanding selection of plant-based egg alternatives that are transforming the food industry. With an increasing demand for allergy-friendly and cruelty-free options, these innovative products are enabling both chefs and home cooks to create family-friendly meals and baked goods without compromise.
Note: don't forget to check out our long list of replacements AND our extensive recipe collection, too.
Happy cooking!
Note: Egg-Truth is not sponsored by any of the aforementioned products.
Juliane Priesemeister, Executive Director
Juliane worked almost a decade for an international corporation as an information designer. Generating compelling visual stories was her daily deed, but as much as she enjoyed the creative work the big corporation environment left her hungry for substance and impact.
When she started her yoga journey a few years ago the “do no harm” philosophy pushed her to align work with her personal ethics and values. Today she uses her omnibus skill set, including marketing communications, economics, and graphic design, to reveal the truth about the egg industry to consumers.
Buying chicks is NOT compatible with loving animals
Why keeping backyard chickens as a response to the egg shortage is not the solution to the problem, and why it's crucial to understand the welfare issues in the egg industry instead.
Image: Sarah-Claude Lévesque St-Louis, pexels.com
Recent egg shortages caused by the current avian flu outbreak have led many people to consider keeping backyard chickens as a source of fresh eggs. What we really should be considering are the broader welfare issues in the egg industry. From living conditions that are cramped and unsanitary to the routine mutilation of chickens, such as de-beaking, the egg industry raises serious concerns about how animals are treated.
In this blog post, we'll explore why keeping backyard chickens as a response to the egg shortage is not a solution to the problem, and why it's crucial to understand the welfare issues in the egg industry instead.
The staff of the Broken Shovels Farm Sanctuary, a sanctuary for homeless, abused, neglected, slaughter-bound animals, put together what they have seen and experienced when it comes to adopting and breeding animals for our needs. Here is the plea to stop buying chicks for eggs (see below):
READ BEFORE YOU BUY CHICKS!
We’ve all seen the hundreds of memes, heard the grumbling and watched the news reports about the price of eggs. You may get a wild hair and decide backyard chicken keeping is the thing to do, and rush out to go buy some peeping, adorable baby chicks. I get it, my lady friends…it’s like the ultimate peer pressure these days.
But I’m begging you, DON’T DO IT. If you’re here, you probably love animals. After 15 years of chicken rescue, PLEASE hear me out. Buying chicks is NOT compatible with loving animals. It’s just not.
1. It’s expensive.
Before the costs of a coop large enough to offer enrichment and stimulation suitable for intelligent and curious animals, medical care with an avian/exotics vet that can run $4-500 for a single visit with diagnostics, and everything you need to keep truly happy, healthy birds, just the cost of feed alone will be MORE per dozen of eggs when you factor in the months they won’t lay in the winter and the years when they’ll still need care after they lay infrequently or not at all. Why are store eggs cheaper? They can buy feed in huge bulk discounts AND they “depopulate” ie kill the hens when they are 16-18 months old, once they are no longer able to lay daily eggs. Crossing that threshold where you’d kill an animal because you can no longer use them requires you to give up your “animal lover” card for sure.
2. It’s hard work.
Cleaning coops a few times a week, all the dust and caustic bird dander for those of us with allergies, finding a place to toss your used shaving. Poop EVERYWHERE. Dug up lawns and flowerbeds. Twice daily feeding and watering, keeping overgrown nails and beaks trimmed, deworming, mite and lice treatments and trips to the vet take many hours per week that most busy people don’t have. These are living beings and just like your dog or cat, not giving them adequate space, housing, clean facilities and vet care is neglect. Animal lovers don’t neglect animals in their care.
3. Avian flu.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza is sweeping the country and killing millions of birds, both pet and wild. Threatened species populations are suffering, and raptors like hawks and eagles are falling out of the sky, dead and dying. It’s even jumped to mammal species, killing bears and big cats in zoos around the country. The more animals we give this disease to spread, like the millions of sudden backyard chickens, the more we help it spread, and in effect are responsible for even more wild animals dying. Animal lovers don’t do things that harm wildlife.
**Not to mention that it CAN be spread to humans in close contact with birds. In the cases around the world where it has spread to poultry workers and those exposed, it has had a more than 50% mortality rate. The more we expose our own species to this disease, the more readily it will adapt to infecting humans. And the only reason we’ve been safe so far is that it can only spread from bird to human. But this is a quickly mutating virus, and when it is able to spread human to human, we will have another pandemic that will be more virulent than Covid. The 1918 influenza likely originated as an avian flu.
4. Predators.
We tend not to notice our city predator wildlife friends, and they usually leave our companion animals alone. But they can’t resist the dinner bell of captive backyard chickens and the often shoddy hobbyist coops and runs from feed stores with the glaring lack of predator protection they offer. We spend thousands of dollars on predator proof housing and runs for each flock, that requires sturdy sheds, an underlayment that prevents digging under fences and a cover of some sort. Every year we receive hundreds of messages from traumatized chicken owners who come out to find gore and devastation in their coops, often one or two injured, very grisly survivors. It’s almost a guarantee that new chicken owners will experience a predator attack. Are you ready for that guilt and heartbreak? Animal lovers don’t keep captive animals to be mutilated.
5. Roosters.
You may be reassured that you’re buying “sexed” chicks, just hens when you purchase baby chicks. It says so right on the sign right? Well, what they DON’T tell you is 10-30% of those chicks have been mis-sexed and about half of buyers end up with a rooster. It becomes agonizing every year as families who live in cities where roosters are banned try to find a home for him where he won’t be killed. It’s so sad to take him away from the hens and people he’s bonded with. And we receive over 3000 of those rooster rehome requests every year, more than we could ever care for. There are a few places that advertise a “gentleman’s club” where you can dump your little boy off with their rooster flocks for a nominal fee like $50. Anyone running a business like this would quickly be over run or go broke trying to feed all these boys, unless they have a way to discard some or neglect them horribly. What actually happens is most will be killed by other more dominant roosters in the flock or fall prey to the many diseases endemic to unquarantined flocks with no medical care offered. And eventually when they grow up, they are sold off cheaply to someone who will home butcher them. We’ve visited a few. It’s obvious what’s going on. It’s far more kind to take your rooster in for HUMANE EUTHANASIA with an avian vet than to leave them stressed, sick and attacked in these places. Animal lovers don’t buy animals they can’t keep.
6. Chick grinding.
Ok, so you bought just 6 hens and you got lucky—all are ACTUALLY hens. But since it was a 50/50 gender split on that hatch, where are their brothers? Egg laying breeds don’t gain weight quickly so it’s not profitable to raise them for food. Instead, all the male chicks are either suffocated in giant plastic bags of thousands of chicks or they are thrown alive into something called a “chick macerator”, basically an industrial grinder for baby chickens. EVERY HATCHERY does this. There are no exceptions. Lots of people who also eat chickens may not be bothered by this, but many find killing day old baby animals abhorrent. I don’t know how we can call ourselves animal lovers and be willing to pay for this to happen, as we do each time we buy a little girl chick.
7. Death in the mail.
All the chicks in those feed stores have been sent in the mail, at a day old, with no food, water or warmth they need. MANY chicks will die en route, and it will be a cold and scary ordeal for these little tiny animals even if they do survive. Every year, we get calls from feed stores asking us to come help the sick and dying babies who’ve arrived who need critical care. Sometimes entire shipments come in deceased. Can you imagine if we did this with puppies and kittens knowing there’s a very good chance they’d die in transit? There is nothing nice about the way we transport baby chickens. Animal lovers don’t put animals in traumatizing and unsafe situations.
8. Needs a mama.
Baby chickens, ducks and turkeys are unique in the bird world because they hatch with the ability to eat on their own, they don’t have to be fed by a mama bird. BUT! That does NOT mean they have no need for a mother. Living without a mother causes constant anxiety for a baby animal whose instinct is telling him that not being near his mother makes him vulnerable to predation. Their mothers are comfort, warmth, love, affection and teach them about how to be chickens. Just because they CAN live without a mother, doesn’t mean it isn’t cruel to force millions of babies to live without her. The few minutes or even hours a day you can spend with your baby chicks isn’t anywhere near sufficient for an animal who would stay at her parents side 24-7 for 6-8 weeks or longer. Hatchery chicks are born in industrial incubators with fake heat, and there’s nothing “natural” about this in the least. This, to me, may be the meanest thing we do to animals on a large scale. The industrialization of the lives of babies is truly monstrous. Animal lovers don’t intentionally take newborns from their mothers.
What to do instead:
If you still feel you NEED chicken companionship, build the Fort Knox of chicken habitats either inside or outside your house (chicken diapers are a thing), make their lives and enrichment a priority, find a great avian vet, be willing to spend money on their care, and ADOPT adult hens DON’T shop.
Sick of egg prices? There are so many plant based egg products on the market these days that cook just like eggs. Find a great tofu scramble recipe. Check out all the easy egg replacements for baking that are far more healthy, like applesauce, bananas, and flax seed.
Broken Shovels Farm Sanctuary (US)
We provide sanctuary for abused, neglected, unwanted farm animals and a safe place to share their love and their voice with our human visitors.
Juliane Priesemeister, Executive Director
Juliane worked almost a decade for an international corporation as an information designer. Generating compelling visual stories was her daily deed, but as much as she enjoyed the creative work the big corporation environment left her hungry for substance and impact.
When she started her yoga journey a few years ago the “do no harm” philosophy pushed her to align work with her personal ethics and values. Today she uses her omnibus skill set, including marketing communications, economics, and graphic design, to reveal the truth about the egg industry to consumers.
World Egg Day and the Silent Suffering of Hens
While trying to avoid calling them 'healthy' (which is currently illegal according to FDA) the industry’s marketing team is working hard to present the nutritional composition as a miracle unicorn of affordable foods. Yet, one fact is ignored and left out every year: the suffering of the hens.
Image: Farm Transparency Project
On Friday, October 14, the egg industry praises the “power of the egg” and all its "nutritional, environmental, and societal benefits" during ‘World Egg Day’. Established at Vienna 1996, on the second Friday in October each year they “celebrate the power of the egg”.
While trying to avoid calling them 'healthy' (which is currently illegal according to FDA) the industry’s marketing team is working hard to present the nutritional composition as a miracle unicorn of affordable foods. Yet, one fact is ignored and left out every year: the suffering of the hens.
Whether housed in a cage or free-run system, the life of a hen is a life denied. Female birds are mutilated at a young age and denied their natural behaviours throughout their egg-laying cycle.
For people who actually live with hens, the extensive gaslighting promotion brings out all the frustrations that come with the egg industries' abuse and suffering.
The staff of the Microsanctuary Resource Center and Haidy at Belle and Fleur (Little Cage Fighters) who devote their lives to care for broken hens from various egg farms spoke up to explain why it would be more compassionate to leave eggs off your plate.
“it’s important to see egg consumption in a systemic context”
The staff of the Micro Sanctuary Resource Center shared their thoughts on egg consumption in a comprehensive post on Instagram.
A Note on Egg Consumption
As MRC has most specifically expressed in our second and third core principles, we take a strong stand against any use whatsoever of eggs from residents (along with any other residents’ “byproducts”).
We understand that giving eggs from well-loved residents to humans may seem at first like a better option than if those humans bought eggs from farms. We (vegan or not) are largely conditioned to perceive animal farming in terms of how animals are treated. If animals appear to be treated “well,” then animal welfare can obscure ethics of use. So it’s important to see egg consumption in a systemic context.
First and foremost, eggs are the very thing that will most likely harm and kill hens, no matter where they live, due to the domestication history and selective breeding for dangerously high laying rates in all breeds of chicken. We can’t ignore that the only reason chickens exist is because they were taken from their ancestral habitat and domesticated, millennia of selective breeding turning them into food and/or entertainment for humans. If residents’ eggs are consumed, that perpetuates the role of eggs as food and serves as a continuation of the larger systemic harm that puts chickens into the position of exploited beings who need liberation in the first place.
No matter how someone comes by (buying, breeding, “rescuing”) or treats their chickens, to benefit from the functions that were the causes for (and foci of) their exploitation is to be a part of that exploitation. You cannot separate human consumption of their eggs from the historical system that caused them to be used for food.
Secondly, a key part of the microsanctuary ethos is to treat and represent rescued nonhumans as more than just food sources, to do all we can to sever the link between their bodies and our plates. Even when a backyard chicken reaches a vegan sanctuary, they are not “free.” Both hens and roosters will FOREVER have to deal with the repercussions of domestication, primarily related to alterations to their reproductive systems. Egg consumption serves to maintain eggs as food in human society, and insures chickens will forever be put into situations of harm.
Thirdly, we recognize that human consumption of eggs occurs without the consent of individual hens (they can’t give it) and is thus wrong.
The idea of bodily autonomy, as well as health and safety, should be seriously considered for nonhuman sanctuary residents as well as for humans. Taking or giving away the fruit of someone else’s labor without consent for personal benefit when you don’t need it is not ethical, ever. Doing so when those hens cannot escape the toil and are very likely to suffer and die from it (and their brothers probably did die because they couldn’t do it...) is wrong.
So what to do? Preventative care to stop laying is the safest approach to keeping hens healthy and avoiding eggs all together. Otherwise, all eggs should be fed back to the hens in moderation, and we recommend that any excess be given to wildlife or other nonhuman residents who may need them, composted, or otherwise disposed of.
“I have seen hens from the highest welfare systems in states akin to those from cages.”
Haidy shares her thoughts on eggs and hen keeping based on years of experience with hens and rescue hens.
I feel it would be remiss of me to remain quiet on #worldeggday 🙏
The industry bods are championing the egg and all it stands for.
What an egg can do for YOU
What an egg provides for YOU
How little an egg costs YOU
Do YOU see the problem??
These photos are the gurls who have held MY hand on a journey.
Belle, Fleur, Rockie, Blossom, Fleurie, Daya and Asha are just a snap shot of the teachers who have come my way.
When I started this it was because we wanted to be more self sufficient, to have our own hens. At that point I still ‘used’ animal products. I still thought I was doing the best I could by buying the highest welfare, local produce.
These gurls showed me the true cost of eggs, the true cost to THEM……
What an egg does to THEM
What an egg takes from THEM
What an egg costs THEM
it was when the realisation of that truth hit me I had no choice but to change my mind!
I have seen hens from the highest welfare systems in states akin to those from cages.
The bottom line is my stance has changed from promoting animal welfare to animal rights and therefore I do not and will not hip hoorah world egg day.
An egg is not an innocuous food item.
The industry perpetrates suffering from start to finish by; destroying male chicks by shredding, gassing or crushing, overcrowding, restricting and denying natural behaviours in young hens in rearing barns, roughly handling and transporting hens to laying facilities, breaking any group dynamics that have may have formed in rearing barns, as well as breaking bones as in Asha’s case we suspect, by reducing nutrition through their lay cycle to protect profits thus pushing hens to their limits to continue laying eggs at the expense of their health, which is how they are genetically modified, by killing them at 72 weeks old before their first moult when egg production drops, again to protect the industry profits.Buying eggs means YOU allow the industry to strip, discard, allow to suffer and be unseen….. billions of hens each year.
8 out my 10 ladies are currently implanted because producing eggs generally causes massive problems!!
Please Think 🙏
#saynotoeggs #ethicalchoices #eggtruth #vegan
Micro Sanctuary Resource Center (US)
A platform for small-scale vegan caregivers to learn about many different care topics on many different species, and a place where we can share practical advice, celebrate, and grieve our nonhuman family.
Belle and Fleur (UK)
Haidy at Belle and Fleur (Little Cage Fighters) runs a tight ship with the most loving and luxurious hen home in the UK. She is always happy to chat about hens. She has the experience and access to wonderful vets who have always helped her understand more about her beloved Girls.
What Happened in Winnipeg Should Be A Wake Up Call!
On April 1, 2021, workers at the Brady Municipal Landfill site in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, discovered a very disturbing scene . . .
Thousands upon thousands of dead, egg laying hens litter the Brady Landfill, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Note the dead pigs in the background. It is unclear where they came from and garnered no mention in media reports.
On April 1, 2021, workers at the Brady Municipal Landfill site in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, discovered a very disturbing scene: tens of thousands of dead, egg-laying hens. Treated like trash, their broken and fragile bodies had been dumped at the site by an area egg farm. However, there appeared to be movement among the mass of contorted bodies - some of the hens were still alive! Shocked, the workers called a local farm sanctuary to inform them of what they saw and in hopes of having these few remaining souls rescued. Sadly, this was not the first time this had happened.
Ethics
News of this atrocity got out and was first reported by CTV News Winnipeg. Interestingly, the focus of the news report was not necessarily about the thousands of dead hens rotting in the open air, it was about the few who survived and were found writhing amongst the carnage. Make no mistake, the fact that still-alive hens were left to die a slow, painful death is a horror unto itself, but no less were the thousands of innocent ‘spent-hens’ who were killed and dumped like garbage simply because they were no longer profitable.
Above is a photo gallery of images taken from the Brady Landfill, April 1, 2021. Photo credit: The Good Place Farm Sanctuary.
A spokesperson from the Winnipeg Humane Society interviewed by CTV News was quoted as saying that these birds, “were among thousands of euthanized hens that were dumped at the landfill”. Euthanized? The definition of euthanasia is as follows: it is the practice of intentionally ending life to relieve pain and suffering. These hens were not euthanized, they were killed (gassed) to ensure profitability for the egg farm. Commercial hens have been genetically manipulated to lay an excessive number of eggs in their abbreviated life span of approximately 18 months. Once they reach the end of their laying cycle, their exhausted bodies can no longer lay the quantity or quality of eggs for the farmer to keep housing and feeding them, and must make way for younger pullets who have reached egg laying maturity. Thus, egg farms will “de-flock” their barns and kill the spent-hens (an industry term) either through on-site killing or sending them to slaughter. The natural life expectancy of a rescued commercial hen can be anywhere from 4-8 years, as can be testified to by many farmed animal sanctuaries, or longer if their bodies do not succumb to the common illnesses afflicting commercial hens such as ovarian cancer, osteoporosis, egg-yolk peritonitis or other diseases. In nature, their wild cousins can live 10-12 years.
A photo of “Penny”, a spent-hen rescued from the manure pits at an egg farm in British Columbia, Canada. Photo credit: Geoff Regier
How Did This Happen?
We interviewed Jen from The Good Place Farm Sanctuary (GPFS) to learn details of what happened.
A dump truck carrying thousands, perhaps tens-of-thousands, of “spent hens” arrived from an area egg farm. They were dumped at this municipal landfill to ultimately be moved into a pit. Workers, as on previous occasions, saw movement among the dead pile. Six hens on top were still alive. Jen and one of her volunteers arrived at the scene. One of the hens died on site and they managed to rescue five others. They searched the pile hoping to find others. But given the pile was many feet high over a vast area, there were no doubt alive birds near or at the bottom that could not be saved.
Jen and her volunteer were haunted by the possibility that they might miss one. After a period of time, the five they rescued were driven to a local vet. One of the hens, in particular, was in bad shape - they named her “Pearl”. She didn’t make it. The remaining four did and most ended up at several other sanctuaries (see footnote below).
Jen managed to reach out to the provincial vet responsible for farmed animals in Manitoba. Jen learned that a company was contracted by farms throughout the province who would conduct the mass killing of these birds using a mobile CO2 gas chamber. According to sources, this issue of still-alive hens being dumped at landfills had happened multiple times dating back to at least 2020. There was an investigation that year over a similar incident and recommendations were made to improve methods to ensure no hen came out of the chambers alive. Clearly, the issue was never resolved. Sources informed Jen at GPFS that the same thing happened approximately four days later after this particular incident. Landfill workers have said they often dread the days hens come to the facility because they would routinely see the same thing, over and over and over again. (Note: it is our understanding that municipal workers at this landfill have been reprimanded and instructed not to speak to anyone in the future on matters such as this.)
One of the rescued hens. Source: The Good Place: Farm Rescue & Sanctuary
Jen also observed that the pile of discarded hens at the Brady Landfill were likely not caged birds, but free-range or free-run. Jen noted that these hens did not have curled feet which comes from living on a wire floor in a cage for up to a year-and-a-half, as most hens do in Canada. The few they rescued didn’t seem skittish or afraid of her and her volunteer and seemed adept to walking on the ground. Caged hens are unfamiliar and unaccustomed to walking on the ground or interacting with people.
Another one of the rescued hens. Source: The Good Place Farm Rescue & Sanctuary
The “Manitoba Egg Farmers said it was "devastated" to hear about the five hens found alive”. “Devastated”? Why because the farm and/or the hired company failed to kill the few who survived which made its way to news reports? The Manitoba Egg Farmers, and Canada’s egg industry in general, kills millions upon millions of spent hens every year in addition to an equal number of male chicks who are useless to the egg industry as they don’t lay eggs. The egg industry IS a slaughter industry no different than meat or dairy production.
And herein lies the issue as it relates to the exploitation of egg laying hens: some of us (certainly not the egg industry) are not necessarily shocked or saddened to learn of thousands being killed in a story like this, we are saddened to learn that some were still alive. Think about this for a moment: is our empathy reserved largely for the suffering of those still alive, while ignoring the suffering of all those who were once confined and condemned to lay only to be killed and discarded like trash? Are not all the dead hens in this story entitled to the same moral concern as the ones found alive? Should we not be outraged and sickened by the massive dead pile? Absolutely!
Manure pits beneath the stacks of battery cages on an egg farm in British Columbia, Canada. Photo credit: Geoff Regier
Disease
A live market in New York City. Click on photo to enlarge.
In the sober new reality of global pandemics, our world needs to take a very hard look at the risk factors of animal agriculture and, in this case, the egg industry. Avian and swine flu, antibiotic resistance, zoonotic diseases such as SARS, MERS, AIDS, Ebola, and now Covid-19 are either caused directly, or indirectly, by intensive animal agriculture, stress imposed on natural ecosystems as a result of human encroachment, the harvesting of wildlife (ie. bush meat), and wet markets.
Yet despite all that we have learned, we still see scenes like the Brady Landfill playing out - thousands upon thousands of corpses from factory farms, rotting in the sun and out in the open? One thing most of us surely know from having been to a landfill or waste facility, there is a lot of wildlife that are attracted to these places: sea gulls, mice, rats, turkey vultures, raccoons, cats, dogs, and those predators preying on those scavenging the garbage. It is absolutely shocking that in a first world country like Canada, in the 21st century, dead farm animals would be dumped at a municipal landfill with the corpses of these animals free to come into contact with wildlife. And let’s not forget the municipal workers who are working at these facilities - what about the risk of exposure to them? All it takes is one pathogen to jump from animal to human. It has happened before and will, in all probability, happen again.
Propaganda
“We take accusations about animal cruelty very seriously”. How many times have you heard a PR person for an industry group say this every time a story emerges like this landfill story? Are they to be believed?
A screen shot from Manitoba Egg Farmers website depicts, ‘smiling, laughing’ people joyfully engaged in the business of egg production. A business that imposes untold misery and deprivation for the millions upon millions of hens exploited across Canada annually.
This is a standard reply designed to assuage public concern about animal welfare. The egg industry in Canada, and elsewhere, devote considerable sums of money to present an image of a clean, green and caring industry. They focus a lot of their efforts to remind consumers that they are feeding “you and your family” - sounds wholesome doesn’t it? Often they’ll recruit from their 1,200 members across Canada to profile a few of those who run and operate egg farms and portray them as ‘smiling, hard-working Canadians’ . . . . just like you! And if they are just like you they can’t be all bad, right? The focus of these carefully, crafted advertising campaigns are always on the family-run farms and invoke words like “community”, “care” and promote the healthful and nutritious aspects of eggs. Never do they focus on the hens and rarely show you inside an egg barn containing thousands of birds. And if they do, it is always of a barn that has been “de-flocked”, cleaned and re-populated with pullets who have just reached egg laying maturity and look clean, healthy and vibrant. Never will you see images or video of a barn 12-18 months afterwards. Why? Because it is not a pretty sight.
Generally speaking, the egg industry routinely anthropomorphizes animals when it comes to their consumer packaging and advertising campaigns by using cartoon depictions exhibiting human like qualities and facial expressions. This is true for Canada as it is for many countries around the world like the United States, United Kingdom, the European Union, etc. This is done in an effort to depict the industry as benign or harmless. Words like “Happy”, “Farm Fresh”, “Organic”, “Local” are ubiquitous.
The fact is, egg farming is a slaughter industry - it is violent and bloody. Male chicks are shredded alive shortly after hatching, females are often de-beaked, vaccinated against high risk diseases as a result of high stocking densities, endure many illnesses along the way, and then slaughtered after 18 months. Sometimes they are killed on site, dumped in a pit and buried, or incinerated.
Canada’s egg industry does not want you to know any of this because they know the average Canadian would be appalled at this kind of animal cruelty. Nonetheless, it is how commercial hatcheries, egg farmers, and the industry as a whole, can maximize profitability. And let’s be clear, all egg farming associations, whether provincial or federal, exist to promote the financial sustainability and profitability of their members first and foremost. And, part of that mandate, requires them to market and promote what they do in the most sanitized and favourable light possible.
The photo gallery below shows what the Egg Farmers of Canada publishes on their website and accompanying photos of the reality on Canadian egg farms:
Conclusion
Don’t trust anything the egg industry says. At least, view what they say with deep suspicion. It is in their interest to keep information like this out of view from Canadians. Even now, animal agriculture has succeeded in enacting legislation like Bill 156 in Ontario. And now Manitoba is considering the same thing - and you can be assured that the Manitoba Egg Farmers are in favour. Bill 156 in Ontario was lobbied for very hard by the animal agriculture sector. They’ll tell you it is about “protecting the food supply”, and ensuring that “food biosecurity” is a priority or by “protecting the property rights of farmers”. While this sounds reasonable, it is really about eliminating these kinds of videos and stories getting out. Why? Because it hurts business. And as the Premier of Ontario has often said, “Ontario is open for business”. It appears this is certainly true - but in the end, it is the animals who will pay the price.
But there is an alternative to all of this. There are so many cruelty-free, delicious and affordable egg-free alternatives available. And the great news is these alternatives are readily available in most grocery stores and health food stores across Canada! So please consider leaving eggs off your plate. Compassion is never the wrong thing.
And please consider contacting your area MP or MPP to tell them that you oppose any type of ag-gag legislation:
Search for your Canadian Member of Parliament.
Search for you Member of Provincial Parliament:
British Columbia
Alberta
Saskatchewan
Manitoba
Ontario
Quebec
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Prince Edward Island
Newfoundland & Labrador
Support Farm Sanctuaries Not Animal Farmers
If you would like to support the rescue of egg laying hens, please consider becoming a volunteer, or offering financial support to The Good Place Farm Sanctuary. And if you want to help one of the organizations who rescued the hens from the Brady Landfill, consider a donation to:
Rainbow Ranger Station (who rescued “Piper”)
Ledwich Family Farm (who took in “Karen”)
The Little Red Barn Sanctuary (who took in “Star”).
Or, consider supporting any number of farm sanctuaries around the world. Our “Resources” page has a very comprehensive list of sanctuaries, large and small, across the globe.
Footnote:
Dead pigs are visible in the background. Click on photo to enlarge.
We reached out to the Canadian Pork Council asking for comment on the dead pigs visible in the background of the photo of the pile of dead hens. A excerpt from their response is below.
To highlight, the CPC says, “mortalities are an unfortunate part of food production”. Unfortunate because they couldn’t profit from the ones that died? All animals face “mortality” in the food system. Mr. Ross the ED of the Canadian Pork Council goes on to say that the $83/tonne fee to dump dead pigs is the same as commercial garbage. We have reduced living beings to “commercial garbage” like tin cans, plastic containers, paper, and discarded cardboard.
““ . . . mortalities are an unfortunate part of food production . . . The disposal of mortalities is regulated by the Province of Manitoba. One approved option is to utilize the Brady Landfill . . . animal disposal arrangements must be made in advance and are subjected to an $83/tonne fee. This is the same fee applied to commercial garbage disposal.””
Nigel Osborne is the Executive Dir. of Egg-Truth. Nigel has years of experience related to animal rights and on-line advocacy. Nigel's extensive background in the publishing, outdoor advertising, printing and web design industries over the last 25 years provides him with a strong, creative acumen and business management experience. Through Egg-Truth.com and it's social media channels, Nigel seeks to increase awareness among the public about global egg production, expose the conditions for the billions of hens condemned to laying every year, and reveal the true impact of egg consumption on human health.
Egg-free - Tips and Resources
But how does one switch to an egg-free, maybe, vegan diet now? Here are our favourite resources to help replace eggs in your diet.
During the last three weeks, we shared a lot of content regarding the impact of eating eggs on the environment, your health, and the hens.
But how does one switch to an egg-free, or even, a vegan diet? Below are some of our favourite resources to help replace eggs in your diet. And, if you’d like to support a sanctuary to help rescue more layer hens, check out some of the links at the bottom.
Egg Replacements
It’s never been easier to replace eggs in your favourite recipes. The simple and most accessible ones are likely foods that are already in your pantry or fridge.
Here are the top nine options. Choose the right one by understanding what role eggs play in the recipe. Do they act as a binder for leavening, adding moisture, or adding protein? (For a more detailed explanation on this, check out this great post.)
This egg alternative graphic is provided by Vegan Outreach.
Applesauce (binder, moisture)
Aquafaba (binder)
Baking soda and vinegar (leavening agent)
Bananas (moisture)
Chia seeds (binder)
Firm tofu (protein, moisture)
Flaxseed (binding)
Powdered egg replacer (leavening agent)
Silken tofu (protein, moisture)
Many of you may have heard of a popular, plant-based egg called: JustEgg. It is a real revolution for egg-free cooking! But did you know that it’s just one of many fantastic commercial liquid eggs that have been launched in the past few years? Here is a comprehensive list of delicious cruelty-free products on our “Egg Alternatives” page.
Egg-free Recipes
We would also love to share some of our favourite recipes with you. We have a vast collection (whisked together by the gifted chef Linda) on our blog and even more on our Pinterest page. Happy cooking!
Hen Rescue
Now, if week 3 of our series made you want to help there are several options.
First and foremost check out the website, blogs and podcasts from our partners at Catskill Animal Sanctuary. They are entertaining, informative and let you be part of the saved animals’ lives there.
We also love smaller sanctuaries (called micro sanctuaries) that specialize in rescuing ex-battery hens and struggle to make ends meet. Please have a look at the fantastic work of:
Brown’s Microsanctuary (Canada)
This is run by the wonderful and energetic Temara Brown. A microsanctuary for chickens rescued from industrial and small-scale egg & meat farming abused or neglected pets and backyard butchery.
Belle and Fleur (UK)
Haidy at Belle and Fleur (Little Cage Fighters) runs a tight ship with the most loving and luxurious hen home in the UK. She is always happy to chat about hens. She has the experience and access to wonderful vets who have always helped her understand more about her beloved Girls.
NSW Hen Rescue (Australia)
And, finally, there is NSW Hen Rescue (Australia), founded by Catherine Kelaher. She and her volunteers rescue, rehabilitate and re-home sick, injured, abused and abandoned animals that come into their care. They are 100% volunteer-run and provide the individuals rescued the veterinary care and love they need.
We hope you enjoyed our series. Before we wrap things up we would like to give a big ‘Thank You’ to Sentient Media who allowed us to republish their great newsletter content. We highly recommend the website of this non-profit, journalism organization that seeks to create transparency around the use of animals in our daily lives—from food to companionship to laboratory test subjects.
Make sure to check out our daily posts on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook for more information on chickens and the egg industry.
Eggs and Animal Abuse
For the short lives that egg-laying chickens live—usually around 2 years—their lives are stressful. The total number of chickens raised for eggs in Canada is over 25.8 million.
With permission. Originally published by Sentient Media.
For the short lives that egg-laying chickens live—usually around 2 years—their lives are stressful. The total number of chickens raised for eggs in Canada is over 25.8 million.
Canada has over 1,000 egg farms and hens are forced to lay approximately 320 eggs in one year. Eighty-four percent of Canadian egg-laying hens spend their entire lives in cages. Around 66 percent of caged birds are housed in conventional “battery” cages, while the remaining 18 percent are housed in “enriched” slightly larger cages. On average, each hen is given less space than a standard sheet of printed paper.
The use of battery cages is still the most common method of raising egg-laying chickens worldwide. In the countries that are part of the International Egg Commission, which includes Nigeria, the U.S., Brazil, and Germany, about 88.7 percent of hens are kept in battery cages.
The egg production process is started by debeaking the chicks who are just a few hours or a day old. This process is done without any painkillers. Due to the pain, the chicks often are unable to eat or drink water leaving them dehydrated and starving until they heal. As there is not enough space, the hens are not able to move around or expand their wings. Additionally, they are unable to clean themselves and have no option but to sit on their urine and feces.
The male chicks born in the egg industry are regarded as waste and are discarded within hours of being born. It's a standard practice to throw them in the garbage, kill them in gas chambers, or grind them in "Macerators."
The air inside egg farming buildings is full of ammonia which is toxic for the birds and they can suffer respiratory illnesses and even die from the effects. Because the number of hens within factory farms is large, farmers are unable to keep up with the dead birds, so the surviving hens are often forced to live next to other dead hens.
Rather than the 10 to 15 eggs laid naturally in a year by red jungle fowl—the presumed ancestor of today’s domestic chicken—industrially farmed hens have been manipulated to lay more than 300 eggs per year. This is almost 30 times more than the natural amount of eggs produced by one hen.
For a more detailed record of the life of layer-hens, please visit our “Life of a Hen” page.
Please consider taking ‘Petunia’s Pledge’ below and enjoy the free live events organized by Catskill Animal Sanctuary.
Take Petnunia’s Pledge to join an online community and free live classes.
Eggs and Health
Eggs and health - the fat and cholesterol found in eggs can harm heart health and lead to diabetes, as well as prostate and colorectal cancers.
The fat and cholesterol found in eggs can harm heart health and lead to diabetes, as well as prostate and colarectal cancers.*
Bold claims - let’s dive into this and have a closer look at cholesterol, protein and why eggs are not the health food they are claimed to be.
Cholesterol
For almost five decades it has been conventional wisdom that dietary cholesterol should be limited. For the average person, this means consuming less than 300 mgs per day, and less than 200mg per day for hyper-responders, those with type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes and those who are at risk of cardiovascular disease - which is most people who “expect to live past middle age”. For the record, one average-sized egg contains approximately 215 mgs of dietary cholesterol.
Despite these long-standing restrictions, a flurry of media reports recently has cited studies now claiming that dietary cholesterol does not actually increase overall cholesterol levels in the blood. These studies claim we no longer have to be concerned about these previous restrictions. In other words, feel free to eat as many eggs as you want! And, shockingly, some studies are even suggesting that eating eggs can actually reduce the risk of heart disease.
Even the United States Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion as far back as 2015 were advised by a panel to drop any recommendations that limit cholesterol intake. It is of particular interest to note that Dr. J. David Spence, professor of pharmacology and clinical neurology at the Robarts Research Institute, Western University in London, Ontario, Canada, has written extensively that this recommendation, has been “heavily influenced by propaganda from the egg industry”.
Protein
Some nutritionists will concede that it is just the egg yolk that should be avoided despite the industry propagating the myth that cholesterol in eggs is harmless. Nutritionists will advocate, however, for the consumption of egg whites because it is almost all protein.
While protein is essential in our diets, there is a balance between excessive and adequate. In other words, you can get too much of a good thing! IGF-1 (insulin growth factor) is a hormone in the blood that regulates the replenishment of old and dying cells with new ones in our body. Excessive protein consumption over time can elevate IGF-1 to abnormally high levels and promote cellular growth exceeding our natural requirements. Elevated levels of IGF-1 have been linked to various forms of cancer.**
To learn more about the harmful effects of egg consumption on human health, please visit our “Eggs and Our Health” page.
Please consider taking ‘Petunia’s Pledge’ below and enjoy the free live events organized by Catskill Animal Sanctuary.
Take Petunia’s Pledge to join an online community and free live classes.